Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2022 Dec;52(6):1110-1120. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12905. Epub 2022 Jul 28.
Suicide models propose that the capability for suicide, such as fearlessness about death (FAD), is necessary for the transition from suicidal desire to a suicide attempt. Most studies have relied on self-report methods to assess FAD. However, this research has produced equivocal results. As individuals may have limited awareness of learned or pre-existing associations between fearlessness and death, implicit measures of FAD hold promise. This study used a novel implicit association test (IAT), the IAT-FAD, to examine associations between suicidal desire, implicit FAD, and lifetime suicide attempt frequency.
Patients in residential substance use treatment (N = 75), a population with increased suicide risk and exposure to painful and provocative events, completed the IAT-FAD and assessments of suicidal desire and past suicide attempts.
Implicit FAD moderated the association between suicidal desire and lifetime frequency of suicide attempts associated with an intent to die and requiring medical attention (although not ambivalent suicide attempts). Suicidal desire related to medically attended suicide attempts only at high implicit FAD levels, and to suicide attempts with a clear intent to die only at high or mean implicit FAD levels.
Results provide initial support for the relevance of implicit measures of FAD for understanding suicide risk.
自杀模型提出，自杀能力，如对死亡的无畏（FAD），是从自杀意愿向自杀企图转变所必需的。大多数研究都依赖于自我报告方法来评估 FAD。然而，这项研究产生了模棱两可的结果。由于个体可能对无畏和死亡之间已有的或预先存在的联系的认识有限，因此 FAD 的内隐测量具有很大的潜力。本研究使用了一种新颖的内隐联想测验（IAT），即 IAT-FAD，来检验自杀意愿、内隐 FAD 与终生自杀企图频率之间的关联。
居住在物质使用治疗中的患者（N=75），这是一个自杀风险增加且暴露于痛苦和挑衅性事件的人群，完成了 IAT-FAD 以及自杀意愿和过去自杀企图的评估。
内隐 FAD 调节了自杀意愿与需要医疗关注的、与死亡意图相关的终生自杀企图频率之间的关联（尽管不是矛盾的自杀企图）。只有在高内隐 FAD 水平下，自杀意愿才与有明确死亡意图的自杀企图相关，而只有在高或平均内隐 FAD 水平下，自杀意愿才与自杀企图相关。
结果初步支持了内隐 FAD 测量对理解自杀风险的相关性。
