Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298, United States.
J Clin Virol. 2009 Dec;46 Suppl 4:S54-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.08.017. Epub 2009 Sep 24.
A primary maternal infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) either during or just before pregnancy accounts for the majority of congenital infections where the baby is symptomatic at birth. Following a primary maternal infection, depending on gestational age, between one quarter and three quarters of fetuses will become infected, and approximately one-third of infected fetuses will have symptoms at birth. Experiments using animal models of CMV infection and observational studies in humans indicate that administration of a CMV hyperimmune globulin (HIG) to the pregnant woman with a primary CMV infection should be effective for both the treatment and prevention of fetal infection. The HIG probably acts by reducing placental inflammation, neutralizing virus with high avidity antibodies, and perhaps by reducing cytokine mediated cellular immune responses.
原发性巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染主要发生于孕期或临近分娩时，导致大多数婴儿出生时即出现症状。原发性母体感染后，根据妊娠周数不同，1/4 至 3/4 的胎儿会被感染，而约 1/3 的感染胎儿会在出生时出现症状。CMV 感染动物模型实验和对人类的观察性研究表明，对原发性 CMV 感染孕妇应用 CMV 高免疫球蛋白（HIG）治疗，既能治疗又能预防胎儿感染。HIG 可能通过减轻胎盘炎症、高亲和力抗体中和病毒，以及减少细胞因子介导的细胞免疫反应发挥作用。
