a Pediatric School , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy.
b Non-profit Onlus CMV Association Mother to Infant Cytomegalovirus Infection (AMICI) , Rome , Italy.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2017 Nov;15(11):977-986. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1398081. Epub 2017 Nov 6.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common and serious cause of congenital infections in developed countries since it is capable of infecting the fetus after both primary and recurrent maternal infection, and can be spread for years by infected children. Areas covered: Animal and human pregnancy studies about the prevention of congenital CMV infection and disease by CMV-specific hyperimmune globulin (HIG). Commercial HIG is manufactured from the plasma of selected donors with high anti-CMV antibody avidity and titers. Expert commentary: Currently available experimental and clinical studies and case reports support the possible effectiveness and safety of HIG infusions in pregnancy for the prevention of congenital CMV disease. The knowledge about the potential efficacy of preventive or therapeutic HIG administration should be enlarged by multi-center randomized studies, which may be favored by the implementation of CMV screening. Meanwhile, if ultrasound examinations show signs of fetal injury, or CMV is detected in the amniotic fluid, the patients should be advised about the possible option of HIG therapy.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）是发达国家最常见和最严重的先天性感染原因，因为它能够在原发和复发性母体感染后感染胎儿，并可通过受感染的儿童传播多年。
关于巨细胞病毒特异性高免疫球蛋白（HIG）预防先天性 CMV 感染和疾病的动物和人类妊娠研究。商业 HIG 是从具有高抗 CMV 抗体亲和力和滴度的选定供体的血浆中制造的。
目前可用的实验和临床研究以及病例报告支持在妊娠期间输注 HIG 以预防先天性 CMV 疾病的可能有效性和安全性。通过多中心随机研究可以扩大关于预防性或治疗性 HIG 给药的潜在疗效的知识，CMV 筛查的实施可能有利于此类研究。同时，如果超声检查显示胎儿损伤的迹象，或在羊水中检测到 CMV，则应告知患者 HIG 治疗的可能选择。
