Shaz Beth H, Demmons Derrick G, Crittenden Colleen P, Carnevale Claudine V, Lee Mark, Burnett Miriam, Easley Kirk, Hillyer Christopher D
Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United States.
Transfus Apher Sci. 2009 Dec;41(3):191-7. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2009.09.005. Epub 2009 Sep 24.
An adequate blood supply depends on volunteer non-remunerated blood donors. African Americans have lower blood donation rates than whites. To improve African American blood donation rates, the motivators and barriers to African Americans must be explored. This study investigated the differences in motivators and barriers to blood donation between donor and non-donor African American college students.
African Americans college students at two Historically Black Colleges and Universities completed a 41-item, self-administered questionnaire, which assessed participant's donation frequency, motivators and barriers toward donation, and knowledge and beliefs towards blood donation.
Three hundred and sixty four primarily female college students (96% African Americans, 93% female) completed the questionnaire. Forty-nine percent reported prior blood donation experience (donors) and 51% were non-donors. The primary motivator for donors and non-donors was convenience (89% donor, 82% non-donor). Donors were more likely than non-donors to disagree with statements regarding blood donation as being too painful (82% donor, 44% non-donor), resulting in feeling faint, dizzy, or nauseated (61% donor, 29% non-donor). Donors more often agreed that the blood supply is safe (77% donor, 58% non-donor), less often concerned about receiving a transfusion (61% donor, 73% non-donor), and more often aware of local blood shortages (50% donor, 35% non-donor).
African Americans female college students are willing to donate blood given convenience and support from their university. Educational campaigns to increase knowledge regarding the safety of the blood donation process and the ongoing needs of an adequate blood supply might be effective methods to increase blood donation.
充足的血液供应依赖于无偿志愿献血者。非裔美国人的献血率低于白人。为提高非裔美国人的献血率，必须探究影响他们献血的动机和障碍。本研究调查了非裔美国大学生献血者与非献血者在献血动机和障碍方面的差异。
两所历史悠久的黑人学院和大学的非裔美国大学生完成了一份41项的自填式问卷，该问卷评估了参与者的献血频率、献血动机和障碍，以及对献血的知识和信念。
364名主要为女性的大学生（96%为非裔美国人，93%为女性）完成了问卷。49%的人报告有过献血经历（献血者），51%为非献血者。献血者和非献血者的主要动机都是便利性（89%的献血者，82%的非献血者）。与非献血者相比，献血者更倾向于不同意关于献血过于疼痛（82%的献血者，44%的非献血者）、导致头晕、目眩或恶心（61%的献血者，29%的非献血者）的说法。献血者更常认为血液供应是安全的（77%的献血者，58%的非献血者），较少担心接受输血（61%的献血者，73%的非献血者），并且更常意识到当地血液短缺（50%的献血者，35%的非献血者）。
非裔美国女大学生在有便利性且得到学校支持的情况下愿意献血。开展教育活动以增加对献血过程安全性的了解以及对充足血液供应持续需求的认识，可能是提高献血率的有效方法。
