Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Postbus 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Environ Manage. 2009 Nov-Dec;91(2):380-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.09.008. Epub 2009 Sep 25.
In many developed countries private arrangements have emerged in food governance. Following limited successes of state regulation, market actors and mechanisms are increasingly included in the environmental and safety governance of domestic and global food chains and networks. But do such private governance arrangements also work in domestic markets in developing countries? Pesticide use in vegetable supply is taken as a case to explore the role of market actors and dynamics in food safety governance in Vietnam. The so-called safe vegetable production system in the Red River Delta, introduced 10 years ago as a domestic alternative to conventional vegetable production, is analyzed through detailed monitoring of farmers, surveys of retailers and consumers, and in-depth interviews with state officials and vegetable traders. The paper finds limited success of this low-pesticide vegetable production, distribution and consumption system. This private arrangement in food governance lacked trust from market actors (especially consumers), and was short of an active state that organized transparency and got market actors involved. As such, market governance in food safety needs to be strong.
在许多发达国家，食品治理领域出现了一些私人安排。在国家监管取得有限成功之后，市场参与者和机制越来越多地被纳入国内和全球食品链和网络的环境和安全治理之中。但是，这种私人治理安排在发展中国家的国内市场是否也能发挥作用呢？本文以蔬菜供应中的农药使用为例，探讨了市场参与者和动态在越南食品安全治理中的作用。红河流域十年前引入的所谓安全蔬菜生产系统被作为常规蔬菜生产的国内替代品，本文通过对农民进行详细监测、对零售商和消费者进行调查以及对国家官员和蔬菜贸易商进行深入访谈，对该系统进行了分析。研究发现，这种低农药蔬菜生产、分配和消费系统的效果有限。这种食品治理方面的私人安排缺乏市场参与者（尤其是消费者）的信任，也缺乏一个组织透明度并让市场参与者参与其中的积极国家。因此，食品安全的市场治理需要加强。
