Zhang Zengyan, Lin Zhishan, Xin Zhiyong
National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
J Genet Genomics. 2009 Sep;36(9):567-73. doi: 10.1016/S1673-8527(08)60148-4.
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) may cause a serious disease affecting wheat worldwide. True resistance to BYDV is not naturally found in wheat. BYDV resistance genes are found in more than 10 wild relative species belonging to the genera of Thinopyrum, Agropyron, Elymus, Leymus, Roegneria, and Psathyrostachy. Through wide crosses combining with cell culture, use of ph mutants, or irradiation, 3 BYDV resistance genes in Th. intermedium, including Bdv2, Bdv3 and Bdv4, were introgressed into common wheat background. Various wheat-Th. intermedium addition and substitution, translocation lines with BYDV-resistance were developed and characterized, such as 7D-7Ai#1 (bearing Bdv2), 7B-7Ai#1, 7D-7E (bearing Bdv3), and 2D-2Ai-2 (bearing Bdv4) translocations. Three wheat varieties with BYDV resistance from Th. intermedium were developed and released in Australia and China, respectively. In addition, wheat-Agropyron cristatum translocation lines, wheat-Ag. pulcherrimum addition and substitution lines, and a wheat-Leymus multicaulis addition line (line24) with different resistance genes were developed. Cytological analysis, morphological markers, biochemical markers, and molecular markers associated with the alien chromatin carrying BYDV resistance genes were identified and applied to determine the presence of alien, chromosomes or segments, size of alien chromosome segments, and compositions of the alien chromosomes. Furthermore, some resistance-related genes, such as RGA, P450, HSP70, protein kinases, centrin, and transducin, were identified, which expressed specifically in the resistance translocation lines with Bdv2. These studies lay the foundations for developing resistant wheat cultivars and unraveling the resistance mechanism against BYDV.
大麦黄矮病毒（BYDV）可引发一种严重病害，在全球范围内影响小麦。小麦中天然不存在对BYDV的真正抗性。BYDV抗性基因存在于10多个野生近缘物种中，这些物种属于披碱草属、冰草属、偃麦草属、赖草属、鹅观草属和新麦草属。通过与细胞培养相结合的远缘杂交、ph突变体的利用或辐射，中间偃麦草中的3个BYDV抗性基因，包括Bdv2、Bdv3和Bdv4，被导入普通小麦背景中。培育并鉴定了各种具有BYDV抗性的小麦-中间偃麦草附加系、代换系和易位系，如7D-7Ai#1（携带Bdv2）、7B-7Ai#1、7D-7E（携带Bdv3）和2D-2Ai-2（携带Bdv4）易位系。分别在澳大利亚和中国培育并发布了3个源自中间偃麦草的抗BYDV小麦品种。此外，还培育了具有不同抗性基因的小麦-冰草易位系、小麦-毛穗冰草附加系和代换系，以及一个小麦-多枝赖草附加系（24系）。鉴定并应用了与携带BYDV抗性基因的外源染色质相关的细胞学分析、形态学标记、生化标记和分子标记，以确定外源染色体或片段的存在、外源染色体片段的大小以及外源染色体的组成。此外，还鉴定了一些与抗性相关的基因，如RGA、P450、HSP70、蛋白激酶、中心蛋白和转导素，这些基因在携带Bdv2的抗性易位系中特异性表达。这些研究为培育抗性小麦品种和揭示抗BYDV的抗性机制奠定了基础。
