Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;20(10):477-82. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.06.009. Epub 2009 Sep 23.
It is now firmly established that estrogen and all sex steroid receptors exist in discrete cellular pools outside the nucleus. Estrogen receptors (ER) have been localized to the plasma membrane where both ERalpha and ERbeta function in a wide variety of cells and organs. ERs have also been found in discrete cytoplasmic organelles including mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. In ligand-dependent fashion, each ER pool contributes to the overall, integrated effects of estrogens producing biological outcomes. This review highlights the recent work establishing new roles and targets of membrane ER signaling. Such actions include prevention of vascular injury or cardiac hypertrophy, sexual behavior and pain perception mediated through the central nervous system, osteoblast survival, and fluid resorption in the colon.
现在已经明确，雌激素和所有的性激素受体都存在于细胞核外的离散细胞池内。雌激素受体 (ER) 已被定位到质膜上，在那里 ERalpha 和 ERbeta 在各种细胞和器官中发挥作用。ER 也存在于离散的细胞质细胞器中，包括线粒体和内质网。以配体依赖的方式，每个 ER 池都有助于雌激素产生生物学效应的整体综合效应。这篇综述强调了最近关于膜 ER 信号作用的新角色和新靶点的研究工作。这种作用包括通过中枢神经系统介导的血管损伤或心脏肥大、性行为和疼痛感知的预防，成骨细胞的存活以及结肠中的液体吸收。
