Silvestre Cristina I C, Santos João L M, Lima José L F C, Zagatto Elias A G
REQUIMTE, Serviço de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal.
Anal Chim Acta. 2009 Oct 12;652(1-2):54-65. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.05.042. Epub 2009 Jun 7.
Liquid-liquid extractions (LLE) are a common sample pre-treatment in many analytical applications. This review aims at providing a critical overview of the distinct automated continuous flow-based approaches that were developed for liquid-liquid extraction with the purpose of pre-concentration and/or separation of multiple analytes, such as ultra-trace metal and metalloid species, phenolic compounds, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, etc., hyphenated with many detection technique such as UV/vis spectrophotometry, atomic spectrometric detection systems and luminescent detectors, including distinct extraction strategies and applications like single and multiple extraction schemes, wetting film extraction, supported liquid membrane extraction, back extraction, closed-loop systems and the utilisation of zone sampling, chromatomembranes and iterative reversal techniques. The analytical performance of the developed flow-based LLE methods and the influence of flow manifold components such as the segmenter, extraction coil and phase separator, is emphasised and object of discussion. An overall presentation of each system components, selectivity, advantages and shortcomings is carried out and exemplified with selected applications.
液-液萃取（LLE）是许多分析应用中常见的样品预处理方法。本综述旨在对为液-液萃取开发的基于自动化连续流动的不同方法进行批判性概述，其目的是对多种分析物进行预浓缩和/或分离，如超痕量金属和类金属物种、酚类化合物、表面活性剂、药物等，并与多种检测技术联用，如紫外/可见分光光度法、原子光谱检测系统和发光检测器，包括不同的萃取策略和应用，如单次和多次萃取方案、湿膜萃取、支撑液膜萃取、反萃取、闭环系统以及区域采样、色谱膜和迭代反转技术的应用。重点讨论了所开发的基于流动的液-液萃取方法的分析性能以及诸如分段器、萃取盘管和相分离器等流动歧管组件的影响。对每个系统组件、选择性、优点和缺点进行了全面介绍，并通过选定的应用进行了举例说明。
