University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan.
Molecules. 2022 Oct 10;27(19):6761. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196761.
Common methodologies such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are applied for the extraction of opioids from biological specimens i.e., blood and urine. Techniques including LC-MS/LC-MSMS, GC-MS, etc. are used for qualitative or quantitative determination of opioids. The goal of the present work is to design a green, economic, rugged, and simple extraction technique for famous opioids in human blood and urine and their simultaneous quantification by GC-MS equipped with an inert plus electron impact (EI) ionization source at SIM mode to produce reproducible and efficient results. Morphine, codeine, 6-acetylmorphine, nalbuphine, tramadol and dextromethorphan were selected as target opioids. Anhydrous Epsom salt was applied for dSPE of opioids from blood and urine into acetonitrile extraction solvent with the addition of sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6) and n-hexane was added to remove non-polar interfering species from samples. BSTFA was used as a derivatizing agent for GC-MS. Following method validation, the LOD/LLOQ and ULOQ were determined for morphine, codeine, nal-buphine, tramadol, and dextromethorphan at 10 ng/mL and 1500 ng/mL, respectively, while the LOD/LLOQ and ULOQ were determined for 6-acetylmorphine at 5 ng/mL and 150 ng/mL, respectively. This method was applied to real blood and urine samples of opioid abusers and the results were found to be reproducible with true quantification.
常用的方法，如液液萃取和固相萃取，被应用于从生物样本（如血液和尿液）中提取阿片类药物。包括 LC-MS/LC-MSMS、GC-MS 等技术被用于定性或定量测定阿片类药物。本工作的目的是设计一种绿色、经济、坚固和简单的提取技术，用于人血和尿中常见阿片类药物的提取，并通过配备惰性加电子冲击（EI）电离源的 GC-MS 在 SIM 模式下同时进行定量分析，以产生可重复和有效的结果。吗啡、可待因、6-乙酰吗啡、纳布啡、曲马多和右美沙芬被选为目标阿片类药物。无水硫酸镁被用于从血液和尿液中 dSPE 到乙腈提取溶剂中，并加入磷酸钠缓冲液（pH 6）和正己烷以去除样品中的非极性干扰物质。BSTFA 被用作 GC-MS 的衍生化试剂。在方法验证后，吗啡、可待因、纳布啡、曲马多和右美沙芬的 LOD/LLOQ 和 ULOQ 分别确定为 10ng/mL 和 1500ng/mL，而 6-乙酰吗啡的 LOD/LLOQ 和 ULOQ 分别确定为 5ng/mL 和 150ng/mL。该方法被应用于阿片类药物滥用者的真实血液和尿液样本，结果发现具有可重复性和真实定量。
