Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Ergonomics. 2009 Oct;52(10):1226-39. doi: 10.1080/00140130903056071.
This paper combines epidemiological data on musculoskeletal morbidity in 40 female and 15 male occupational groups (questionnaire data 3720 females, 1241 males, physical examination data 1762 females, 915 males) in order to calculate risk for neck and upper limb disorders in repetitive/constrained vs. varied/mobile work and further to compare prevalence among office, industrial and non-office/non-industrial settings, as well as among jobs within these. Further, the paper aims to compare the risk of musculoskeletal disorders from repetitive/constrained work between females and males. Prevalence ratios (PR) for repetitive/constrained vs. varied/mobile work were in neck/shoulders: 12-month complaints females 1.2, males 1.1, diagnoses at the physical examination 2.3 and 2.3. In elbows/hands PRs for complaints were 1.7 and 1.6, for diagnoses 3.0 and 3.4. Tension neck syndrome, cervicalgia, shoulder tendonitis, acromioclavicular syndrome, medial epicondylitis and carpal tunnel syndrome showed PRs > 2. In neck/shoulders PRs were similar across office, industrial and non-office/non-industrial settings, in elbows/hands, especially among males, somewhat higher in industrial work. There was a heterogeneity within the different settings (estimated by bootstrapping), indicating higher PRs for some groups. As in most studies, musculoskeletal disorders were more prevalent among females than among males. Interestingly, though, the PRs for repetitive/constrained work vs. varied/mobile were for most measures approximately the same for both genders. In conclusion, repetitive/constrained work showed elevated risks when compared to varied/mobile work in all settings. Females and males showed similar risk elevations. This article enables comparison of risk of musculoskeletal disorders among many different occupations in industrial, office and other settings, when using standardised case definitions. It confirms that repetitive/constrained work is harmful not only in industrial but also in office and non-office/non-industrial settings. The reported data can be used for comparison with future studies.
本文结合了 40 名女性和 15 名男性职业群体的肌肉骨骼发病率的流行病学数据（问卷调查数据 3720 名女性，1241 名男性，体检数据 1762 名女性，915 名男性），以计算重复性/约束性与多变/移动性工作的颈部和上肢疾病风险，并进一步比较办公室、工业和非办公室/非工业环境中的患病率，以及这些环境中的工作。此外，本文旨在比较女性和男性重复性/约束性工作的肌肉骨骼疾病风险。颈部/肩部 12 个月投诉的女性与男性比值为 1.2，1.1，体检诊断为 2.3，2.3。肘部/手部投诉的比值为 1.7，1.6，诊断为 3.0，3.4。紧张性颈综合征、颈椎病、肩腱炎、肩锁关节炎、肱骨外上髁炎和腕管综合征的比值大于 2。在颈部/肩部，办公室、工业和非办公室/非工业环境中的比值相似，在肘部/手部，特别是男性，工业工作中的比值略高。在不同的环境中存在异质性（通过自举法估计），表明某些群体的比值更高。与大多数研究一样，肌肉骨骼疾病在女性中比在男性中更为普遍。有趣的是，尽管如此，重复性/约束性工作与多变/移动性工作相比，大多数指标的比值在两性中大致相同。总之，在所有环境中，重复性/约束性工作与多变/移动性工作相比，风险更高。女性和男性的风险增加幅度相似。本文通过使用标准化病例定义，实现了在工业、办公室和其他环境中许多不同职业的肌肉骨骼疾病风险的比较。它证实了重复性/约束性工作不仅在工业环境中有害，而且在办公室和非办公室/非工业环境中也有害。所报告的数据可用于与未来研究进行比较。
