Department of Veterinary Clinics, University of Pisa, I-56125 Pisa, Italy.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2010 Jan;27(1):64-71. doi: 10.1080/02652030903207201.
After birth, infant formulas constitute an important or often sole food source for infants during the first months of life. In this study, a survey on the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in the 14 leading brands of infant formulas marketed in Italy was conducted. Mycotoxins were determined by immunoaffinity column clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. AFM1 was found in two of 185 samples, but at levels below the European legislation limit of 25 ng l(-1). OTA was detected in 133 (72%) samples (range = 35.1-689.5 ng l(-1)). It has been observed that OTA contamination was 80% in the ready-to-use preparations and 63% in the powdered samples. The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) reviewed the toxicology on OTA and concluded that it would be prudent to reduce exposure to OTA ensuring that exposure is towards the lower end of the range of tolerable daily intakes of 1.2-14 ng kg(-1) body weight day(-1). OTA was also evaluated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and a provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 100 ng kg(-1) body weight was established. The OTA levels in pre-term ready-to-use infant formulas were sufficient to cause a higher OTA intake than the suggested TDI. The results point out the need to perform controls for prevention programmes especially when attempting to identify risk markers of the infant feed quality.
婴儿配方奶粉是婴儿出生后头几个月的重要（或通常唯一）食物来源。本研究对意大利市场上 14 个主要婴儿配方奶粉品牌的黄曲霉毒素 M1（AFM1）和赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）进行了调查。采用免疫亲和柱净化和高效液相色谱（HPLC）-荧光检测法测定真菌毒素。在 185 个样本中有 2 个样本检测到 AFM1，但含量低于欧盟法规规定的 25 ng/L。在 133 个（72%）样本中检测到 OTA（范围=35.1-689.5 ng/L）。结果发现，即食制剂中 OTA 污染率为 80%，粉状样本中 OTA 污染率为 63%。食品科学委员会（SCF）对 OTA 的毒理学进行了审查，并得出结论认为，应通过确保摄入量处于可耐受日摄入量（1.2-14 ng/kg 体重/天）范围内的较低端，来降低 OTA 的摄入量，这是谨慎的做法。OTA 还由粮农组织/世卫组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）进行了评估，并建立了暂定每周耐受摄入量（PTWI）为 100 ng/kg 体重。早产儿即用型婴儿配方奶粉中的 OTA 含量足以导致摄入的 OTA 高于建议的 TDI。研究结果表明，需要开展控制措施，以预防计划，特别是在试图确定婴儿喂养质量的风险标志物时。
