Physical Education Centre, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
J Sports Sci. 2009 Nov;27(13):1449-54. doi: 10.1080/02640410903046228.
The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which differences in initial speed persist to the stroke phase in front-crawl swimming. Ten male college swimmers performed trials for three types of start that produced different initial speeds: maximal-effort dive, submaximal-effort dive, and maximal-effort wall push. The submaximal effort was determined by the swimmer himself. Participants swam 25 m for each trial, and their motions were recorded by five fixed cameras positioned lateral to the direction of swimming. The horizontal velocity of the greater trochanter of the femur was used to define swimming speed. Mean swimming speed, evaluated from the initial-speed phase to the stroke phase, differed across trials. The effect sizes of the initial-speed phase were 3.15 between maximal-effort dive and submaximal-effort dive (P < 0.001), 5.00 between maximal-effort dive and maximal-effort wall push (P < 0.001), and 2.71 between submaximal-effort dive and maximal-effort wall push (P < 0.001). However, differences in speed at the stroke phase were small (maximal-effort dive: 1.91 +/- 0.07 m . s(-1); submaximal-effort dive: 1.88 +/- 0.06 m . s(-1); maximal-effort wall push: 1.88 +/- 0.07 m . s(-1)), indicating that differences in initial speed do not persist to the stroke phase in front-crawl swimming.
本研究旨在确定在自由泳中，初始速度的差异在划水阶段持续的程度。10 名男性大学生游泳运动员进行了三种不同起始速度的试验：最大努力潜水、次最大努力潜水和最大努力墙推。次最大努力由游泳运动员自己决定。参与者在每种试验中游泳 25 米，他们的动作由五个固定的侧向摄像机记录。股骨大转子的水平速度用于定义游泳速度。从初始速度阶段到划水阶段的平均游泳速度在试验中有所不同。初始速度阶段的效应大小分别为最大努力潜水和次最大努力潜水之间的 3.15（P<0.001），最大努力潜水和最大努力墙推之间的 5.00（P<0.001），以及次最大努力潜水和最大努力墙推之间的 2.71（P<0.001）。然而，划水阶段的速度差异较小（最大努力潜水：1.91 +/- 0.07 m. s(-1)；次最大努力潜水：1.88 +/- 0.06 m. s(-1)；最大努力墙推：1.88 +/- 0.07 m. s(-1)），表明在自由泳中，初始速度的差异不会持续到划水阶段。
