Apolo Andrea B, Milowsky Matthew, Bajorin Dean F
Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Future Oncol. 2009 Sep;5(7):977-92. doi: 10.2217/fon.09.57.
Bladder cancer is a significant healthcare problem in the USA, with a high recurrence rate, the need for expensive continuous surveillance and limited treatment options for patients with advanced disease. Research has contributed to an understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of bladder cancer, and that understanding has led to the discovery of potentially diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, a clinical states model of bladder cancer is introduced and integrated into a paradigm for biomarker development. Biomarkers are systematically incorporated with predefined end points to aid in clinical management.
在美国，膀胱癌是一个重大的医疗保健问题，其复发率高，需要进行昂贵的持续监测，且晚期疾病患者的治疗选择有限。研究有助于人们了解膀胱癌发生和发展过程中涉及的分子途径，而这种了解又促成了潜在的诊断、预测和预后生物标志物的发现。在本综述中，引入了一种膀胱癌临床状态模型，并将其整合到生物标志物开发的范例中。生物标志物被系统地与预先定义的终点相结合，以辅助临床管理。
