Gray Wayne L
Department of Microbiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Comp Med. 2008 Feb;58(1):22-30.
Simian varicella virus (SVV) causes a natural erythematous disease in Old World monkeys and is responsible for simian varicella epizootics that occur sporadically in facilities housing nonhuman primates. This review summarizes the biology of SVV and simian varicella as a veterinary disease of nonhuman primates. SVV is closely related to varicella-zoster virus, the causative agent of human varicella and herpes zoster. Clinical signs of simian varicella include fever, vesicular skin rash, and hepatitis. Simian varicella may range from a mild infection to a severe and life-threatening disease, and epizootics may have high morbidity and mortality rates. SVV establishes a lifelong latent infection in neural ganglia of animals in which the primary disease resolves, and the virus may reactivate later in life to cause a secondary disease corresponding to herpes zoster. Prompt diagnosis is important for control and prevention of epizootics. Antiviral treatment for simian varicella may be effective if administered early in the course of infection.
猴水痘病毒（SVV）在旧世界猴中引发一种自然的红斑疾病，并且是导致在圈养非人灵长类动物的设施中偶尔发生的猴水痘流行的原因。这篇综述总结了SVV的生物学特性以及作为非人灵长类动物的一种兽医学疾病的猴水痘。SVV与水痘-带状疱疹病毒密切相关，后者是人类水痘和带状疱疹的病原体。猴水痘的临床症状包括发热、水疱性皮疹和肝炎。猴水痘的病情可能从轻度感染到严重的、危及生命的疾病不等，并且流行病可能具有高发病率和死亡率。SVV在原发性疾病痊愈的动物神经节中建立终身潜伏感染，并且该病毒可能在动物后期重新激活，引发与带状疱疹相对应的继发性疾病。及时诊断对于控制和预防流行病很重要。如果在感染过程早期进行抗病毒治疗，对猴水痘可能有效。
