Department of Molecular Biology and NCCR Program Frontiers in Genetics, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2009 Dec;21(6):855-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.09.002. Epub 2009 Sep 30.
Ribosomes provide the basis for protein production and this drives cell growth. Recent studies, both in yeast and in higher eukaryotes, are beginning to reveal new mechanisms underlying the elaborate control of ribosome biogenesis, which requires coordinate regulation of all three RNA polymerases. Transcription of ribosomal RNA is finely tuned to cellular energy status and linked to the production of ribosomal proteins. Several autoregulatory mechanisms controlling various aspects of ribosome biogenesis have been uncovered and reveal new connections to cell-cycle and cell-size control. Ribosome biogenesis has now been clearly linked to disease, particularly to cancer and anemia, and also to aging. A challenge for future studies will be to elucidate further the molecular mechanisms underlying these connections.
核糖体为蛋白质生产提供基础，而这又推动了细胞生长。最近在酵母和高等真核生物中的研究开始揭示核糖体生物发生的精细调控的新机制，这需要协调调节所有三种 RNA 聚合酶。核糖体 RNA 的转录受到细胞能量状态的精细调控，并与核糖体蛋白的产生相关联。已经发现了几种能够控制核糖体生物发生的各个方面的自动调节机制，并揭示了与细胞周期和细胞大小控制的新联系。核糖体生物发生现在已经与疾病（尤其是癌症和贫血）以及衰老明确相关。未来研究的一个挑战将是进一步阐明这些联系的分子机制。
