MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Oct 2;58(38):1066-71.
On the morning of September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike made landfall on the upper Texas Gulf coast at Galveston Island as a category 2 storm, with hurricane force winds extending 125 miles from its center. As the storm continued through nearby Houston and surrounding areas, it caused power blackouts for more than 3 million households. In Houston, city services were disrupted for weeks, officials declared nightly curfews, and supplies of bottled water, ice, electrical generators, and gasoline became scarce. At least five deaths were associated with carbon monoxide asphyxiation from improper use of generators in homes. During September 18-19, 2008, the Houston Department of Health and Human Services conducted a rapid needs assessment to gauge the prevalence of injuries and health complaints, determine immediate needs for health-care and medical supplies, and provide assessment information to those responsible for postdisaster response management and intervention. This report describes the assessment, which found that services to residents were disrupted longer and more extensively than anticipated, and that the greatest need among surveyed households was for assistance obtaining food (26.8%). The results suggest the need to prepare communities at risk for hurricanes for longer than the commonly anticipated 3-5 day recovery period. These findings also highlight the importance of rapid assessments of health and basic needs in such areas, even when communities sustain little structural loss and few injuries. Responders should prepare to support such areas that might experience health-related effects exacerbated by protracted recovery periods.
2008年9月13日上午,“艾克”飓风以二级风暴的强度在得克萨斯州加尔维斯顿岛上的墨西哥湾沿岸登陆,其飓风风力从中心向外延伸达125英里。随着风暴继续席卷附近的休斯敦及周边地区,导致300多万户家庭停电。在休斯敦,城市服务中断了数周,官员们宣布实施宵禁,瓶装水、冰块、发电机和汽油供应变得短缺。至少有五人因在家中不当使用发电机导致一氧化碳窒息死亡。2008年9月18日至19日,休斯敦卫生与公众服务部进行了一次快速需求评估,以衡量受伤情况和健康投诉的发生率,确定对医疗保健和医疗用品的迫切需求,并向负责灾后应对管理和干预的人员提供评估信息。本报告描述了此次评估,评估发现为居民提供的服务中断时间比预期更长、范围更广,且在接受调查的家庭中,最迫切的需求是获得食品援助(26.8%)。结果表明,有必要让面临飓风风险的社区做好准备,应对比通常预期的3至5天恢复期更长的时间。这些发现还凸显了在此类地区对健康和基本需求进行快速评估的重要性,即使社区遭受的结构损失很小且人员伤亡很少。应对人员应做好准备,为可能因恢复期延长而健康相关影响加剧的此类地区提供支持。