Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2012 Mar;6(1):26-32. doi: 10.1001/dmp.2012.7.
To examine the mental health effects of Hurricane Ike, the third costliest hurricane in US history, which devastated the upper Texas coast in September 2008.
Structured telephone interviews assessing immediate effects of Hurricane Ike (damage, loss, displacement) and mental health diagnoses were administered via random digit-dial methods to a household probability sample of 255 Hurricane Ike-affected adults in Galveston and Chambers counties.
Three-fourths of respondents evacuated the area because of Hurricane Ike and nearly 40% were displaced for at least one week. Postdisaster mental health prevalence estimates were 5.9% for posttraumatic stress disorder, 4.5% for major depressive episode, and 9.3% for generalized anxiety disorder. Bivariate analyses suggested that peritraumatic indicators of hurricane exposure severity-such as lack of adequate clean clothing, electricity, food, money, transportation, or water for at least one week-were most consistently associated with mental health problems.
The significant contribution of factors such as loss of housing, financial means, clothing, food, and water to the development and/or maintenance of negative mental health consequences highlights the importance of systemic postdisaster intervention resources targeted to meet basic needs in the postdisaster period.
考察 2008 年 9 月袭击美国得克萨斯州墨西哥湾沿岸的艾克飓风——美国历史上第三大损失惨重的飓风——对民众心理健康的影响。
通过随机数字拨号法，对加尔维斯顿和钱伯斯县 255 名受艾克飓风影响的成年人进行了结构型电话访谈，评估飓风艾克的即时影响（损失、损害、流离失所）和心理健康诊断。
四分之三的受访者因艾克飓风而撤离该地区，近 40%的人至少流离失所一周。灾后心理健康患病率估计为创伤后应激障碍 5.9%、重性抑郁发作 4.5%和广泛性焦虑障碍 9.3%。单变量分析表明，与心理健康问题最相关的飓风暴露严重程度的创伤期指标包括：至少一周缺乏足够的干净衣物、电力、食物、金钱、交通或水。
房屋、经济来源、衣物、食物和水等损失因素对负面心理健康后果的发展和（或）维持有显著影响，这突出了在灾后阶段提供有针对性的满足基本需求的系统灾后干预资源的重要性。
