Dept. of Animal Science, Oklahoma State Univ., 125 FAPC, Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
J Food Sci. 2009 Oct;74(8):E426-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01312.x.
The purpose of this study was to judge the feasibility of gasification for the disposal of waste streams generated through salmon harvesting. Gasification is the process of converting carbonaceous materials into combustible "syngas" in a high temperature (above 700 degrees C), oxygen deficient environment. Syngas can be combusted to generate power, which recycles energy from waste products. At 66% to 79% moisture, raw salmon waste streams are too wet to undergo pyrolysis and combustion. Ground raw or de-oiled salmon whole fish, heads, viscera, or frames were therefore "dried" by mixing with wood pellets to a final moisture content of 20%. Ground whole salmon with moisture reduced to 12% moisture was gasified without a drying agent. Gasification tests were performed in a small-scale, fixed-bed, updraft gasifer. After an initial start-up period, the gasifier was loaded with 1.5 kg of biomass. Temperature was recorded at 6 points in the gasifier. Syngas was collected during the short steady-state period during each gasifier run and analyzed. Percentages of each type of gas in the syngas were used to calculate syngas heating value. High heating value (HHV) ranged from 1.45 to 1.98 MJ/kg. Bomb calorimetry determined maximum heating value for the salmon by-products. Comparing heating values shows the efficiency of gasification. Cold gas efficiencies of 13.6% to 26% were obtained from the various samples gasified. Though research of gasification as a means of salmon waste disposal and energy production is ongoing, it can be concluded that pre-dried salmon or relatively low moisture content mixtures of waste with wood are gasifiable.
本研究旨在判断气化处理鲑鱼捕捞产生的废水流的可行性。气化是在高温（700 摄氏度以上）、缺氧环境中将含碳物质转化为可燃“合成气”的过程。合成气可燃烧产生电力，从而回收废物中的能量。原始鲑鱼废物流的水分含量高达 66%至 79%，过于潮湿，无法进行热解和燃烧。因此，将生的或脱油的整条鲑鱼、鱼头、内脏或骨架与木屑混合，最终水分含量达到 20%，以“干燥”。将水分降低至 12%的研磨鲑鱼无需干燥剂即可进行气化。气化测试在小型固定床逆流气化炉中进行。经过初始启动阶段后，气化炉中装入 1.5 公斤生物质。在气化炉的 6 个点记录温度。在每个气化炉运行的短暂稳定期间收集合成气并进行分析。根据合成气中每种气体的百分比计算合成气的高热值。高热值（HHV）范围为 1.45 至 1.98 兆焦耳/千克。弹式量热法测定了鲑鱼副产品的最大发热值。比较发热值可以显示气化的效率。从各种气化样品中获得的冷煤气效率为 13.6%至 26%。虽然气化作为鲑鱼废物处理和能源生产手段的研究仍在进行中，但可以得出结论，预干燥的鲑鱼或相对低水分含量的废物与木屑混合物是可气化的。
