Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2009 Nov;6(11):658-69. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.147. Epub 2009 Oct 6.
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that grow in eukaryotic cells and cause a wide spectrum of diseases. They can establish persistent infections, are mitogenic in vitro, promote polyclonal cell proliferation in vivo and induce resistance to apoptosis in infected cells-properties that might contribute to tumorigenesis. In fact, Chlamydophila psittaci (Cp) has been linked to the development and maintenance of ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (OAMZL). In this indolent malignancy, Cp is transported by monocytes and macrophages and causes both local and systemic infection. Cp elementary bodies are viable and infectious in the conjunctiva and peripheral blood of patients with OAMZL. Bacterial eradication with antibiotic therapy is often followed by lymphoma regression. Despite recent advances in the understanding of this bacterium-lymphoma association, several questions remain unanswered. For instance, prevalence variations among different geographical areas and related diagnostic and therapeutic implications remain a major investigational issue. We will focus on clinical and therapeutic implications of chlamydial infections in patients with lymphomas and summarize the current knowledge on the association between Cp infection and OAMZL. Available data on the epidemiology, biology and pathogenesis of this association are analyzed and new investigative and clinical approaches are discussed.
衣原体是专性细胞内细菌，在真核细胞中生长，引起广泛的疾病。它们可以建立持续性感染，在体外有丝分裂原性，在体内促进多克隆细胞增殖，并诱导感染细胞的抗凋亡-这些特性可能有助于肿瘤发生。事实上，鹦鹉热衣原体（Cp）与眼附属器边缘区 B 细胞淋巴瘤（OAMZL）的发生和维持有关。在这种惰性恶性肿瘤中，Cp 由单核细胞和巨噬细胞转运，并引起局部和全身感染。Cp 原体在 OAMZL 患者的结膜和外周血中具有活力和传染性。用抗生素治疗清除细菌后，淋巴瘤常随之消退。尽管近年来对这种细菌-淋巴瘤的关联有了更多的了解，但仍有几个问题没有答案。例如，不同地理区域的流行率变化及其相关的诊断和治疗意义仍然是一个主要的研究问题。我们将重点关注衣原体感染对淋巴瘤患者的临床和治疗意义，并总结 Cp 感染与 OAMZL 之间的关联的现有知识。对该关联的流行病学、生物学和发病机制的现有数据进行了分析，并讨论了新的研究和临床方法。
