Angin Erden, Erden Zafer
KKTC Mehmet Reis Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Center, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2009 Aug-Oct;43(4):343-50. doi: 10.3944/AOTT.2009.343.
We investigated the effects of group exercise on bone mineral density (BMD), pain, and quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and osteopenia.
The study included 16 osteoporotic (mean age 55.2 years) and 17 osteopenic (mean age 55.4 years) postmenopausal women whose diagnoses were made by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) showing T-scores of less than -2.5 and in a range of -1 to -2.5, respectively. Subjects having orthopedic, neurological, respiratory, vascular, metabolic, or mental problems were excluded. Each group received the same group exercise program for one hour three times a week for 21 weeks, supervised by a physiotherapist, and including breathing, warm-up, stretching, strengthening, balance, stabilization, and cooling exercises. All participants were evaluated before and after the exercise program by a visual analog scale for pain severity, by DEXA for BMD, and by QUALEFFO-41 (Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis) for quality of life.
The two groups were similar with respect to age, height, and body mass index (p>0.05), but osteopenic women had a higher body weight (p<0.05). After the exercise program, both groups exhibited significant improvements in T-score, pain score, BMD, and all parameters of the QUALEFFO-41 (p<0.05). The mean T-scores before and after exercise were -2.7 + or - 0.2 and -2.4 + or - 0.5 in osteoporotic women, and -1.8 + or - 0.5 and -1.4 + or - 0.5 in osteopenic women, respectively. Following exercise, 43.8% of osteoporotic women had a T-score showing osteopenia, and 23.5% of osteopenic women had a T-score falling within the normal range. The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to the differences between the mean improvements obtained after the exercise program (p>0.05).
This pilot study demonstrates the effectiveness of physiotherapist-supervised group exercise programs in decreasing pain and increasing BMD and quality of life of both osteoporotic and osteopenic women.
我们研究了团体运动对患有骨质疏松症和骨质减少症的绝经后女性的骨矿物质密度（BMD）、疼痛及生活质量的影响。
该研究纳入了16名骨质疏松症患者（平均年龄55.2岁）和17名骨质减少症患者（平均年龄55.4岁），她们均通过双能X线吸收法（DEXA）诊断，T值分别小于-2.5以及在-1至-2.5之间。排除有骨科疾病、神经疾病、呼吸疾病、血管疾病、代谢疾病或精神疾病的受试者。每组每周接受3次、每次1小时的相同团体运动项目，共21周，由一名物理治疗师监督，包括呼吸、热身、拉伸、强化、平衡、稳定及放松运动。所有参与者在运动项目前后均通过视觉模拟评分法评估疼痛严重程度，通过DEXA评估骨矿物质密度，并通过欧洲骨质疏松症基金会生活质量问卷（QUALEFFO-41）评估生活质量。
两组在年龄、身高和体重指数方面相似（p>0.05），但骨质减少症女性体重更高（p<0.05）。运动项目结束后，两组的T值、疼痛评分、骨矿物质密度以及QUALEFFO-41的所有参数均有显著改善（p<0.05）。骨质疏松症女性运动前后的平均T值分别为-2.7±0.2和-2.4±0.5，骨质减少症女性分别为-1.8±0.5和-1.4±0.5。运动后，43.8%的骨质疏松症女性T值显示为骨质减少，23.5%的骨质减少症女性T值落入正常范围。两组在运动项目后平均改善值的差异方面无显著差异（p>0.05）。
这项初步研究表明，由物理治疗师监督的团体运动项目在减轻患有骨质疏松症和骨质减少症女性的疼痛、增加骨矿物质密度及提高生活质量方面是有效的。
