Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Biol Inorg Chem. 2010 Jan;15(1):37-46. doi: 10.1007/s00775-009-0592-7. Epub 2009 Oct 8.
Copper is an essential but potentially harmful trace element involved in many enzymatic processes that require redox chemistry. Cellular copper homeostasis in mammals is predominantly maintained by posttranslational regulation of copper import and export through the copper import proteins hCTR1 and hCTR2 and the copper exporters ATP7A and ATP7B. Regulation of copper uptake and export is achieved by modulation of transporter expression, copper-dependent and copper-independent trafficking of the different transporters, posttranslational modifications, and interacting proteins. In this review we systematically discuss the contribution of these different mechanisms to the regulation of copper transport.
铜是一种必需但潜在有害的微量元素，参与许多需要氧化还原化学的酶促过程。哺乳动物细胞内的铜稳态主要通过铜输入和输出蛋白 hCTR1 和 hCTR2 以及铜输出蛋白 ATP7A 和 ATP7B 的翻译后调控来维持。铜摄取和输出的调控是通过转运蛋白表达的调节、不同转运蛋白的铜依赖性和非铜依赖性运输、翻译后修饰和相互作用蛋白来实现的。在这篇综述中，我们系统地讨论了这些不同机制对铜运输调节的贡献。
