Somasundaram Kumaravel, Nijaguna Mamatha B, Kumar Durairaj Mohan
Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2009 Oct;9(7):695-707. doi: 10.1586/erm.09.52.
The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma, the most malignant adult glial brain tumor, remains poor in spite of advances in treatment procedures, including surgical resection, irradiation and chemotherapy. Genetic heterogeneity of glioblastoma warrants extensive studies in order to gain a thorough understanding of the biology of this tumor. While there have been several studies of global transcript profiling of glioma with the identification of gene signatures for diagnosis and disease management, translation into clinics is yet to happen. Serum biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize the process of cancer diagnosis, grading, prognostication and treatment response monitoring. Besides having the advantage that serum can be obtained through a less invasive procedure, it contains molecules at an extraordinary dynamic range of ten orders of magnitude in terms of their concentrations. While the conventional methods, such as 2DE, have been in use for many years, the ability to identify the proteins through mass spectrometry techniques such as MALDI-TOF led to an explosion of interest in proteomics. Relatively new high-throughput proteomics methods such as SELDI-TOF and protein microarrays are expected to hasten the process of serum biomarker discovery. This review will highlight the recent advances in the proteomics platform in discovering serum biomarkers and the current status of glioma serum markers. We aim to provide the principles and potential of the latest proteomic approaches and their applications in the biomarker discovery process. Besides providing a comprehensive list of available serum biomarkers of glioma, we will also propose how these markers will revolutionize the clinical management of glioma patients.
胶质母细胞瘤是最恶性的成人胶质脑肿瘤，尽管在治疗方法上取得了进展，包括手术切除、放疗和化疗，但其患者的预后仍然很差。胶质母细胞瘤的基因异质性需要进行广泛研究，以便深入了解这种肿瘤的生物学特性。虽然已经有几项关于胶质瘤全转录组分析的研究，鉴定出了用于诊断和疾病管理的基因特征，但转化为临床应用尚未实现。血清生物标志物有可能彻底改变癌症诊断、分级、预后评估和治疗反应监测的过程。血清不仅可以通过侵入性较小的程序获得，而且其所含分子的浓度范围具有十个数量级的非凡动态变化。虽然传统方法，如二维电泳，已经使用多年，但通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱等质谱技术鉴定蛋白质的能力引发了对蛋白质组学的极大兴趣。相对较新的高通量蛋白质组学方法，如表面增强激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱和蛋白质微阵列，有望加速血清生物标志物的发现过程。本综述将重点介绍蛋白质组学平台在发现血清生物标志物方面的最新进展以及胶质瘤血清标志物的现状。我们旨在提供最新蛋白质组学方法的原理和潜力及其在生物标志物发现过程中的应用。除了提供一份全面的胶质瘤可用血清生物标志物清单外，我们还将提出这些标志物将如何彻底改变胶质瘤患者的临床管理。
