Breen Richard, Luijkx Ruud, Müller Walter, Pollak Reinhard
Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
AJS. 2009 Mar;114(5):1475-521. doi: 10.1086/595951.
In their widely cited study, Shavit and Blossfeld report stability of socioeconomic inequalities in educational attainment over much of the 20th century in 11 out of 13 countries. This article outlines reasons why one might expect to find declining class inequalities in educational attainment, and, using a large data set, the authors analyze educational inequality among cohorts born in the first two-thirds of the 20th century in eight European countries. They find, as expected, a widespread decline in educational inequality between students coming from different social origins. Their results are robust to other possible choices of method and variables, and the authors offer some explanations of why their findings contradict Shavit and Blossfeld's conclusions.
在其被广泛引用的研究中，沙维特和布洛斯费尔德报告称，在20世纪的大部分时间里，13个国家中有11个国家的教育成就方面的社会经济不平等保持稳定。本文概述了人们可能预期教育成就方面的阶级不平等会下降的原因，并且作者利用一个大型数据集，分析了20世纪前三分之二出生的八代欧洲人的教育不平等情况。正如预期的那样，他们发现来自不同社会出身的学生之间的教育不平等普遍下降。他们的结果对于方法和变量的其他可能选择具有稳健性，并且作者对他们的发现为何与沙维特和布洛斯费尔德的结论相矛盾提供了一些解释。
