Department of Plant Pathology, The University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Mol Plant. 2008 May;1(3):411-22. doi: 10.1093/mp/ssn010. Epub 2008 Apr 1.
Land plants possess innate immune systems that can control resistance against pathogen infection. Conceptually, there are two branches of the plant innate immune system. One branch recognizes conserved features of microbial pathogens, while a second branch specifically detects the presence of pathogen effector proteins by plant resistance (R) genes. Innate immunity controlled by plant R genes is called effector-triggered immunity. Although R genes can recognize all classes of plant pathogens, the majority can be grouped into one large family, encoding proteins with a nucleotide binding site and C-terminal leucine rich repeat domains. Despite the importance and number of R genes present in plants, we are just beginning to decipher the signaling events required to initiate defense responses. Recent exciting discoveries have implicated dynamic nuclear trafficking of plant R proteins to achieve effector-triggered immunity. Furthermore, there are several additional lines of evidence implicating nucleo-cyctoplasmic trafficking in plant disease resistance, as mutations in nucleoporins and importins can compromise resistance signaling. Taken together, these data illustrate the importance of nuclear trafficking in the manifestation of disease resistance mediated by R genes.
陆地植物拥有先天免疫系统，可以控制对病原体感染的抵抗力。从概念上讲，植物先天免疫系统有两个分支。一个分支识别微生物病原体的保守特征，而另一个分支则通过植物抗性（R）基因特异性检测病原体效应蛋白的存在。由植物 R 基因控制的先天免疫称为效应子触发的免疫。尽管 R 基因可以识别所有类别的植物病原体，但大多数病原体可以归为一个大家族，这些基因编码具有核苷酸结合位点和 C 端富含亮氨酸重复结构域的蛋白质。尽管 R 基因在植物中的重要性和数量众多，但我们才刚刚开始破译启动防御反应所需的信号事件。最近令人兴奋的发现表明，植物 R 蛋白的动态核易位可以实现效应子触发的免疫。此外，还有其他几条证据表明核质转运在植物抗病性中起作用，因为核孔蛋白和导入蛋白的突变会损害抗性信号。总之，这些数据说明了核转运在由 R 基因介导的抗病性中的重要性。
