Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Feb;130(2):352-61. doi: 10.1038/jid.2009.227. Epub 2009 Oct 15.
HIV-1, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and human papillomavirus (HPV), among other sexually transmitted infections, represent a major burden for global health. Initial insights into the mucosal transmission of these viral pathogens have raised optimism with regard to the rapid generation of protective vaccines. Nevertheless, setbacks for HIV-1 and HSV-2 vaccines have seriously challenged the initial enthusiasm. Recently, two new vaccines that efficiently prevented HPV infection have renewed the hope that vaccinal prevention of viral mucosal sexually transmitted infections is possible. HIV-1 and HSV-2 differ from HPV, and each virus needs to be tackled with a distinct approach. However, vaccines are not the only possible answer. Topically applied agents (microbicides) are an attractive alternative in the prevention of HIV-1 and HSV-2 mucosal transmission. Progress in understanding the mechanisms of genital transmission of HIV-1 and HSV-2 is required for successful vaccine or microbicide candidates to emerge from current approaches.
艾滋病毒 1 型（HIV-1）、单纯疱疹病毒 2 型（HSV-2）和人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）等性传播感染，给全球健康带来了重大负担。最初对这些病毒病原体的黏膜传播的了解，使得人们对快速生成保护性疫苗产生了乐观情绪。然而，HIV-1 和 HSV-2 疫苗的挫折，严重打击了最初的热情。最近，两种新的疫苗能有效预防 HPV 感染，再次燃起了通过疫苗预防病毒黏膜性传播感染的希望。HIV-1 和 HSV-2 与 HPV 不同，每种病毒都需要采取不同的方法。但是，疫苗并不是唯一可能的答案。局部应用的制剂（杀微生物剂）是预防 HIV-1 和 HSV-2 黏膜传播的一种有吸引力的替代方法。为了从目前的方法中获得成功的疫苗或杀微生物候选物，需要了解 HIV-1 和 HSV-2 生殖器传播的机制。
