Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
Microbiology (Reading). 2010 Jan;156(Pt 1):23-29. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.032581-0. Epub 2009 Oct 15.
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metalloenzymes that catalyse the interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate with high efficiency. This reaction is fundamental to biological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, pH homeostasis, CO(2) transport and electrolyte secretion. CAs are distributed among all three domains of life, and are currently divided into five evolutionarily unrelated classes (alpha, beta, gamma, delta and zeta). Fungal CAs have only recently been identified and characterized in detail. While Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans each have only one beta-CA, multiple copies of beta-CA- and alpha-CA-encoding genes are found in other fungi. Recent work demonstrates that CAs play an important role in the CO(2)-sensing system of fungal pathogens and in the regulation of sexual development. This review focuses on CA functions in S. cerevisiae, the fungal pathogens C. albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, and the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora.
碳酸酐酶（CA）是一类金属酶，能够高效地催化二氧化碳和碳酸氢根之间的相互转化。这一反应是呼吸作用、光合作用、pH 值平衡、CO2 运输和电解质分泌等生物学过程的基础。CA 分布于所有三个生命领域，目前分为五个进化上没有关系的类（α、β、γ、δ和 ζ）。真菌 CA 最近才被详细鉴定和描述。虽然酿酒酵母和白色念珠菌各只有一种β-CA，但其他真菌中存在多个β-CA 和α-CA 编码基因的拷贝。最近的研究表明，CA 在真菌病原体的 CO2 感应系统和有性发育的调控中发挥着重要作用。本综述重点介绍了 CA 在酿酒酵母、真菌病原体白色念珠菌和新型隐球菌以及丝状子囊菌 Sordaria macrospora 中的功能。
