Janczyk P, Halle B, Souffrant W B
Research Unit for Nutritional Physiology Oskar Kellner, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
Poult Sci. 2009 Nov;88(11):2324-32. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00250.
It is generally accepted that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in sustaining health and productivity of animals. Chlorella vulgaris, a naturally occurring green microalga, is believed to influence performance and health, including bird reproduction and egg quality. The nutritive value of open or indoor cultured C. vulgaris depends upon the technological process used to treat the algal mass. In the present paper, it is presented and discussed how 2 differentially processed C. vulgaris powders (spray-dried: SD-CV; bullet-milled and spray-dried: BMSD-CV) affected crop and cecal microbiota in laying hens. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments was applied. The diversity of the crop universal bacterial DGGE fingerprints was not affected (6.4 +/- 1.65, 5.4 +/- 1.19, and 5.5 +/- 1.35 in the control, SD-CV, and BMSD-CV, respectively). Most of the bands from the corresponding positions in the gels were closely related to Lactobacillus sp. The DGGE fingerprints of V2-V3 fragments of 16S rRNA of crop lactobacilli had lower diversity in the control hens (8.7 +/- 1.22) than in the SD-CV (9.2 +/- 1.77) and BMSD-CV (9.9 +/- 1.88); thus, feeding C. vulgaris resulted in increased lactobacilli diversity in crop. A band closely related to Lactobacillus ingluviei was present in 9 out of 12 hens in the control group but in only 1 bird in the SD-CV and in 5 out of 11 birds in the BMSD-CV, suggesting a negative effect of C. vulgaris on this lactobacillus. Feeding C. vulgaris to laying hens also resulted in increased bacterial community diversity in the ceca. No effect of the technological processing of the microalgae on the microbial diversity could be observed. The diversity of the ceca universal bacterial DGGE fingerprints was lower in the control group than in the SD-CV and BMSD-CV (5.6 +/- 1.72 vs. 9.16 +/- 2.64 and 9.31 +/- 2.41, respectively). Most of the sequences retrieved from the DGGE bands formed ceca that were closely related to Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and lactobacilli, giving further insight into still poorly discovered intestinal microbiota of laying hens.
人们普遍认为，肠道微生物群在维持动物健康和生产性能方面发挥着重要作用。普通小球藻是一种天然存在的绿色微藻，据信会影响动物的生产性能和健康，包括鸟类繁殖和蛋的品质。开放式或室内培养的普通小球藻的营养价值取决于处理藻类物质所采用的技术工艺。在本文中，介绍并讨论了两种经过不同处理的普通小球藻粉（喷雾干燥：SD-CV；球磨和喷雾干燥：BMSD-CV）对蛋鸡嗉囊和盲肠微生物群的影响。应用了细菌16S rRNA基因片段的聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）。嗉囊通用细菌DGGE指纹图谱的多样性未受影响（对照组、SD-CV组和BMSD-CV组分别为6.4±1.65、5.4±1.19和5.5±1.35）。凝胶中相应位置的大多数条带与乳酸杆菌属密切相关。嗉囊乳酸杆菌16S rRNA的V2-V3片段的DGGE指纹图谱在对照组母鸡（8.7±1.22）中的多样性低于SD-CV组（9.2±1.77）和BMSD-CV组（9.9±1.88）；因此，饲喂普通小球藻可增加嗉囊中乳酸杆菌的多样性。与嗉囊乳酸杆菌密切相关的一条带在对照组12只母鸡中的9只中出现，但在SD-CV组的1只鸡中出现，在BMSD-CV组11只鸡中的5只中出现，这表明普通小球藻对这种乳酸杆菌有负面影响。给蛋鸡饲喂普通小球藻还导致盲肠中细菌群落多样性增加。未观察到微藻的技术处理对微生物多样性有影响。对照组盲肠通用细菌DGGE指纹图谱的多样性低于SD-CV组和BMSD-CV组（分别为5.6±1.72 vs. 9.16±2.64和9.31±2.41）。从DGGE条带中检索到的大多数序列形成的盲肠与瘤胃球菌科、毛螺菌科和乳酸杆菌密切相关，这进一步深入了解了蛋鸡仍未被充分发现的肠道微生物群。
