Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rheumatology Division, Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2010 Jan;16(1 Suppl):S97-S105. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.10.009. Epub 2009 Oct 14.
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes whose ability to identify and kill virally infected and malignant cells while sparing normal cells was poorly understood until the late 1980’s and the introduction of the “missing self’ hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules during viral infection or malignant transformation triggers NK activation (1). Since this hypothesis was first proposed, much has been learned about NK cell surface receptors, their role in the molecular basis of missing-self recognition, and the mechanisms underlying NK cell tolerance. In this review, we will discuss these mechanisms, as well as their relevance to viral infection and tumor immunity and stem cell transplantation.
自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞是淋巴细胞，其识别和杀死病毒感染和恶性细胞而不伤害正常细胞的能力直到 20 世纪 80 年代后期和“缺失自我”假说的提出才得到很好的理解。根据这一假说，病毒感染或恶性转化过程中主要组织相容性复合体 (MHC) Ⅰ类分子的下调触发 NK 细胞的激活 (1)。自这一假说首次提出以来，人们对 NK 细胞表面受体及其在缺失自我识别的分子基础中的作用以及 NK 细胞耐受的机制有了更多的了解。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论这些机制，以及它们与病毒感染、肿瘤免疫和干细胞移植的相关性。
