Friedlander Arthur M, Little Stephen F
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Headquarters, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
Vaccine. 2009 Nov 5;27 Suppl 4:D28-32. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.102.
Anthrax, a disease of herbivores, only rarely infects humans. However, the threat of using Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent, to intentionally produce disease has been the impetus for development of next-generation vaccines. Two licensed vaccines have been available for human use for several decades. These are composed of acellular culture supernatants containing the protective antigen (PA) component of the anthrax toxins. In this review we summarize the various approaches used to develop improved vaccines. These efforts have included the use of PA with newer adjuvants and delivery systems, including bacterial and viral vectors and DNA vaccines. Attempts to broaden the protection afforded by PA-based vaccines have focused on adding other B. anthracis components, including spore and capsule antigens.
炭疽病是一种食草动物疾病，很少感染人类。然而，使用炭疽芽孢杆菌（病原体）故意制造疾病的威胁推动了下一代疫苗的研发。两种已获许可的疫苗已可供人类使用数十年。这些疫苗由含有炭疽毒素保护性抗原（PA）成分的无细胞培养上清液组成。在本综述中，我们总结了用于开发改进疫苗的各种方法。这些努力包括将PA与新型佐剂和递送系统一起使用，包括细菌和病毒载体以及DNA疫苗。试图扩大基于PA的疫苗所提供的保护范围的努力集中在添加其他炭疽芽孢杆菌成分，包括孢子和荚膜抗原。
