Women's, Perinatal & Sexual Health Directorate, Leicester General Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust & Reproductive Sciences Section, Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.
Maturitas. 2009 Dec 20;64(4):212-7. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.09.016. Epub 2009 Oct 17.
Interstitial cystitis, or painful bladder syndrome, is a condition characterized by bladder pain, urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. The cause of the condition remains obscure and it remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Current theories of pathogenesis include a chronic or subclinical infection, autoimmunity, neurogenic inflammation or bladder urothelial defects. The definitions and terminology have undergone several proposed changes in the last five years. The International Incontinence Society (ICS) provided a revised definition of painful bladder syndrome (PBS) in 2002. The European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC) proposed a new nomenclature, "bladder pain syndrome", and classification system in 2008 for the same condition. Treatment strategies can be categorized broadly into four different approaches: (i) intravesical drug instillation, (ii) systemic (oral) medical therapy, (iii) administration of local treatments, and (iv) surgical procedures for refractory disease. Intravesical drug instillation or oral therapies are the mainstay of treatment.
间质性膀胱炎，又称膀胱疼痛综合征，其特征为膀胱疼痛、尿频、尿急和夜尿。其病因仍不明确，目前被认为是一种排他性诊断。当前的发病机制理论包括慢性或亚临床感染、自身免疫、神经源性炎症或膀胱尿路上皮缺陷。该疾病的定义和术语在过去五年中经历了多次修改。国际尿控协会（ICS）于 2002 年提出了疼痛性膀胱综合征（PBS）的修订定义。欧洲间质性膀胱炎研究学会（ESSIC）于 2008 年针对同一疾病提出了新的命名“膀胱疼痛综合征”和分类系统。治疗策略可大致分为以下四类：（i）膀胱内药物灌注，（ii）全身（口服）药物治疗，（iii）局部治疗，以及（iv）针对难治性疾病的手术治疗。膀胱内药物灌注或口服治疗是主要的治疗方法。
