São Paulo State University at Rio Claro, Brazil.
Hum Mov Sci. 2009 Dec;28(6):818-32. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2009.07.010. Epub 2009 Oct 20.
This study was designed to identify perseverative reaching tendencies in children with intellectual disabilities (ID), over a period of 1 year, by using a version of the Piagetian "A not B" task modified by Smith, Thelen, Titzer, and McLin (1999). Nine children (4.8 years old at the beginning of the study) with intellectual disabilities (ID) (eight with mild ID; one with moderate ID) were assessed every 3 months for approximately 1 year, totaling four assessments. The results indicate that in a majority of the cases perseveration was resilient, and that the visual system decoupled from the reaching, especially towards the later assessment periods at the end of the year. Across assessment periods variability seemed to increase in each trial (A1 through B2) for reached target. These individuals, vulnerable to distraction and attention and to short-term memory deficits, are easily locked into rigid modes of motor habits. They are susceptible to perseveration while performing simple task contexts that are typically designed for 10- to 12-month-old, normally-developing infants, therefore creating strong confinements to stable, rigid modes of elementary forms of behavior.
本研究旨在通过使用 Smith、Thelen、Titzer 和 McLin（1999）修改的皮亚杰“非 B 即 A”任务的一个版本，在 1 年内识别智障儿童（ID）的持续伸手倾向。9 名智障儿童（研究开始时 4.8 岁）（8 名轻度 ID；1 名中度 ID）每 3 个月接受大约 1 年的评估，共进行了 4 次评估。结果表明，在大多数情况下，坚持性是有弹性的，视觉系统与伸手动作脱钩，尤其是在年底的后期评估期。在每个评估期内，在每个试验（A1 到 B2）中，到达目标的变异性似乎都在增加。这些人容易分心和注意力不集中，短期记忆也有缺陷，很容易陷入僵化的运动习惯模式。他们在执行通常为 10 至 12 个月大、发育正常的婴儿设计的简单任务情境时容易出现坚持性，因此对稳定、僵化的基本行为形式形成了强烈的限制。
