Kubale R, Walker G, Jung E M, Clevert D-A, Bücker A
Gemeinschaftspraxis für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 66955, Pirmasens, Deutschland.
Radiologe. 2009 Nov;49(11):1048-57. doi: 10.1007/s00117-009-1870-7.
Vascular ultrasound is an established technique in shunt diagnostics for hemodialysis fistulas that allows non-invasive diagnosis of vascular morphology and hemodynamics. Early detection of shunt stenoses in hemodialysis fistulas or thrombotic occlusions facilitates an interventional decision. High occlusion rates of up to 45% within 1 year in hemodialysis fistulas due to reduced flow volume justify follow up with vascular ultrasound examination. The use of high resolution transducers in vascular ultrasound enables complications, such as stenoses and occlusions to be recognized early therefore allowing preemptive therapy. In the present review the examination technique and strategy, the most important complications and treatment options will be discussed.
血管超声是一种用于血液透析动静脉内瘘分流诊断的成熟技术，可对血管形态和血流动力学进行无创诊断。早期发现血液透析动静脉内瘘的分流狭窄或血栓闭塞有助于做出干预决策。由于血流量减少，血液透析动静脉内瘘在1年内的高闭塞率可达45%，这证明有必要通过血管超声检查进行随访。血管超声中使用高分辨率换能器能够早期识别诸如狭窄和闭塞等并发症，从而实现预防性治疗。在本综述中，将讨论检查技术和策略、最重要的并发症及治疗选择。
