Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgren Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Sweden.
J Neurotrauma. 2010 Feb;27(2):383-9. doi: 10.1089/neu.2009.1053.
There is increasing evidence that even low levels of blast cause brain injury, but little is known about their thresholds and mechanisms. Exposure of rats to 10-60 kPa blasts elevate intracranial pressure (ICP) in a dose-dependent manner and impair cognitive function. We have evaluated a prophylactic measure against these brain injuries in a rat animal model, consisting of feeding them processed cereal. This type of feed is known to ameliorate disturbances in secretion of body fluids and to have anti-inflammatory effects. In humans, intake of processed cereals is effective against intestinal diarrhea and also reduces the symptoms of Ménière's disease. Rats were given either standard laboratory feed or processed cereal feed for 2 weeks before exposure to blast in a shock tube. The ICP was monitored at different time points up to 1 week after exposure to a 60-kPa blast, and for up to 24 h after exposure to a 30-kPa blast. Maximal ICP elevation was reached at 10 h in both groups. In the group of rats on standard feed exposed to 60 kPa, an ICP increase of 145% was noted at 10 h, and the corresponding increase in the rats fed processed cereal feed was only 50%. In rats exposed to a 30-kPa blast, those fed standard feed and processed cereal feed demonstrated increases of ICP of 80% and 40%, respectively. Cognitive function as measured by the Morris water maze was assessed in other groups of rats at 2 days after exposure to 10- or 30-kPa blasts. Their performance was significantly impaired at both exposure levels in rats on standard feed, but no functional impairment was seen in rats fed processed cereal feed.
越来越多的证据表明，即使是低水平的爆炸也会导致脑损伤，但人们对其阈值和机制知之甚少。将大鼠暴露于 10-60 kPa 的爆炸中会以剂量依赖的方式升高颅内压（ICP）并损害认知功能。我们已经在大鼠动物模型中评估了一种针对这些脑损伤的预防措施，该措施包括给它们喂食加工过的谷物。众所周知，这种类型的饲料可以改善体液分泌紊乱，并具有抗炎作用。在人类中，摄入加工过的谷物可以有效治疗肠道腹泻，还可以减轻梅尼埃病的症状。大鼠在接受冲击波管中的爆炸暴露之前，连续 2 周分别喂食标准实验室饲料或加工过的谷物饲料。在暴露于 60 kPa 的爆炸后不同时间点监测 ICP，在暴露于 30 kPa 的爆炸后监测长达 24 小时。两组大鼠的 ICP 最大升高均在 10 小时达到。在暴露于 60 kPa 的标准饲料组大鼠中，10 小时时 ICP 增加了 145%，而喂食加工过的谷物饲料的大鼠的相应增加仅为 50%。在暴露于 30 kPa 爆炸的大鼠中，喂食标准饲料和加工过的谷物饲料的大鼠的 ICP 分别增加了 80%和 40%。在暴露于 10-或 30-kPa 爆炸后的第 2 天，通过 Morris 水迷宫评估了其他组大鼠的认知功能。在标准饲料组大鼠中，在两个暴露水平下，它们的表现均明显受损，但在喂食加工过的谷物饲料的大鼠中未观察到功能障碍。
