Marine Toxins Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Toxicon. 2010 Apr 1;55(4):692-701. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.10.020. Epub 2009 Oct 21.
Azaspiracids are a family of lipophilic polyether marine biotoxins that have caused a number of human intoxication incidents in Europe since 1995 following the consumption by consumers of intoxicated shellfish (Mytilus edulis). These azaspiracids have now been identified in mussels (Mytilus chilensis) and scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) from two Chilean locations. This is the first report of the occurrence of azaspiracid toxins in these species (Mytilus chilensis and Argopecten purpuratus) from Chile. The areas studied were Bahía Inglesa (III Region, 27 degrees SL) and Chiloé Archipelago, both important scallop and mussels farming areas. Separation of azaspiracid (AZA1), azaspiracid isomer (AZA6) and its analogues, 8-methylazaspiracid (AZA2) and 22-demethylazaspiracid (AZA3), was achieved using reversed-phase LC and toxins were identified using a turbo electrospray ionisation (ESI) source, to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. In mussels, AZA1 was the predominant toxin in mussel hepatopancreas with AZA2, AZA3 and AZA6 present in approximate equivalent amounts in the remaining tissues, 20-30% of the AZA1 level. AZA2 predominated in the scallop samples with the toxin almost entirely present in the hepatopancreas (digestive gland). AZA1 was only observed in some of the scallop samples and was present at 12-15% of the AZA2 levels. Whilst the levels of AZAs in Chilean samples are below the EU regulatory limit of 160mug/kg, it is significant that this toxin is present in Pacific Ocean species. Consequently measures should be taken by regulatory authorities to implement regular seafood monitoring to ensure safety of harvested product.
azaspiracids 是一类亲脂性聚醚海洋生物毒素，自 1995 年以来，消费者食用受污染的贝类（贻贝）后，在欧洲发生了多起人类中毒事件。这些azaspiracids 现已在智利的两个地点的贻贝（Mytilus chilensis）和扇贝（Argopecten purpuratus）中被发现。这是智利首次报告这些物种（Mytilus chilensis 和 Argopecten purpuratus）中存在 azaspiracid 毒素。研究区域为 Bahía Inglesa（智利第 III 大区，南纬 27 度）和奇洛埃岛，这两个地区都是重要的扇贝和贻贝养殖区。使用反相高效液相色谱法分离 azaspiracid（AZA1）、azaspiracid 异构体（AZA6）及其类似物 8-甲基azaspiracid（AZA2）和 22-去甲基azaspiracid（AZA3），并使用涡轮电喷雾电离（ESI）源，将毒素鉴定为三重四极杆质谱仪。在贻贝中，AZA1 是贻贝肝胰腺中的主要毒素，而 AZA2、AZA3 和 AZA6 则以近似等量存在于其余组织中，约为 AZA1 水平的 20-30%。AZA2 在扇贝样本中占主导地位，毒素几乎全部存在于肝胰腺（消化腺）中。仅在一些扇贝样本中观察到 AZA1，其含量为 AZA2 水平的 12-15%。虽然智利样本中的 AZAs 水平低于欧盟规定的 160μg/kg 限量，但该毒素存在于太平洋物种中是值得关注的。因此，监管当局应采取措施，定期对海鲜进行监测，以确保收获产品的安全。
