Gillespy T, Gillespy M P
Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Radiol Clin North Am. 1991 Jan;29(1):77-84.
Osteoporosis, a condition of decreased bone tissue that increases the likelihood of fracture, places a significant burden on our society in terms of health cost and morbidity. The most common type of osteoporosis is involutional, and two subtypes are recognized: type 1 and type 2. Type 1, or postmenopausal, osteoporosis is most commonly seen in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women from ages 51 to 75. Estrogen deficiency is the most dominant factor in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Type 2, or aging related, osteoporosis is seen in elderly women and men aged 70 or more. Bone loss in this group is related to aging, estrogen deficiency, negative calcium balance, and a variety of environmental and genetic factors. The best approach to the management of osteoporosis is to develop a lifelong strategy that maximizes peak bone mass and minimizes aging-related and postmenopausal bone loss. Estrogen is the only medication approved for the prevention of bone loss that is in general use. Other strategies to prevent bone loss (and maximize peak bone mass) include adequate calcium intake, adequate exercise, and avoidance of excess alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine use.
骨质疏松症是一种骨组织减少的病症，会增加骨折的可能性，在健康成本和发病率方面给社会带来巨大负担。最常见的骨质疏松类型是退行性的，可分为两种亚型：1型和2型。1型，即绝经后骨质疏松症，最常见于51至75岁的围绝经期和绝经后女性。雌激素缺乏是该疾病发病机制中最主要的因素。2型，即与衰老相关的骨质疏松症，见于70岁及以上的老年女性和男性。该群体的骨质流失与衰老、雌激素缺乏、负钙平衡以及多种环境和遗传因素有关。骨质疏松症管理的最佳方法是制定一项终身策略，使骨峰值最大化，并将与衰老相关和绝经后的骨质流失降至最低。雌激素是唯一被批准普遍用于预防骨质流失的药物。其他预防骨质流失（并使骨峰值最大化）的策略包括充足的钙摄入、适当的运动，以及避免过量饮酒、吸烟和摄入咖啡因。
