Lockhart S H, Yasuda N, Peterson N, Laster M, Taheri S, Weiskopf R B, Eger E I
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0464.
Anesth Analg. 1991 Feb;72(2):212-5. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199102000-00013.
We studied the percutaneous losses of sevoflurane and isoflurane during administration and elimination in seven healthy male volunteers. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with fentanyl, midazolam, and/or thiopental, and nitrous oxide for 30 min, after which 1% sevoflurane and 0.4% isoflurane in 65% nitrous oxide were administered for 30 min. Inspired, end-tidal, and mixed-expired gas samples were collected during administration and for 5-7 days of elimination. To measure percutaneous loss, each subject's arm was enclosed in a glass cylinder sealed at both ends and with two ports, one for flushing with nitrogen and one for obtaining gas samples during the 30 min of administration and the first 150 min of elimination. Anesthetic concentrations in all samples were determined using gas chromatography. The surface area of the arm was measured and the total surface area was calculated. During administration and elimination, percutaneous loss of isoflurane was significantly greater than that of sevoflurane (P less than 0.05). For both volatile agents, losses during elimination were greater than during administration (P less than 0.05), but even when combined, these losses were too small to affect kinetic or metabolic studies based on mass balance.
我们研究了七名健康男性志愿者在七氟醚和异氟醚给药及消除过程中的经皮损失情况。使用芬太尼、咪达唑仑和/或硫喷妥钠以及氧化亚氮诱导并维持麻醉30分钟，之后在65%氧化亚氮中给予1%七氟醚和0.4%异氟醚30分钟。在给药期间以及消除的5 - 7天内收集吸入气、呼气末气和混合呼出气样本。为了测量经皮损失，将每位受试者的手臂置于两端密封且有两个端口的玻璃圆筒中，一个端口用于用氮气冲洗，另一个端口用于在给药的30分钟以及消除的前150分钟内获取气体样本。使用气相色谱法测定所有样本中的麻醉剂浓度。测量手臂的表面积并计算总体表面积。在给药和消除过程中，异氟醚的经皮损失显著大于七氟醚（P小于0.05）。对于这两种挥发性麻醉剂，消除过程中的损失大于给药过程中的损失（P小于0.05），但即便将这些损失加起来，其数值也太小，不足以影响基于质量平衡的动力学或代谢研究。
