Kreuzer Michaela, Grosche B, Schnelzer M, Tschense A, Dufey F, Walsh L
Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2010 May;49(2):177-85. doi: 10.1007/s00411-009-0249-5. Epub 2009 Oct 24.
Data from the German uranium miners cohort study were analyzed to investigate the radon-related risk of mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The Wismut cohort includes 58,987 men who were employed for at least 6 months from 1946 to 1989 at the former Wismut uranium mining company in Eastern Germany. By the end of 2003, a total of 3,016 lung cancer deaths, 3,355 deaths from extrapulmonary cancers, 5,141 deaths from heart diseases and 1,742 deaths from cerebrovascular diseases were observed. Although a number of studies have already been published on various endpoints in the Wismut cohort, the aim of the present analyses is to provide a direct comparison of the magnitude of radon-related risk for different cancer sites and cardiovascular diseases using the same data set, the same follow-up period and the same statistical methods. A specific focus on a group of cancers of the extrathoracic airways is also made here, due to the assumed high organ doses from absorbed radon progeny. Internal Poisson regression was used to estimate the excess relative risk (ERR) per unit of cumulative exposure to radon in working level months (WLM) and its 95% confidence limits (CI). There was a statistically significant increase in the risk of lung cancer with increasing radon exposure (ERR/WLM = 0.19%; 95% CI: 0.17%; 0.22%). A smaller, but also statistically significant excess was found for cancers of the extrathoracic airways and trachea (ERR/WLM = 0.062%; 95% CI: 0.002%; 0.121%). Most of the remaining nonrespiratory cancer sites showed a positive relationship with increasing radon exposure, which, however, did not reach statistical significance. No increase in risk was noted for coronary heart diseases (ERR/WLM = 0.0003%) and cerebrovascular diseases (ERR/WLM = 0.001%). The present data provide clear evidence of an increased radon-related risk of death from lung cancer, some evidence for an increased radon-related risk of death from cancers of the extrathoracic airways and some other extrapulmonary cancers, and no evidence for mortality from cardiovascular diseases. These findings are consistent with the results of other miner studies and dosimetric calculations for radon-related organ doses.
对德国铀矿矿工队列研究的数据进行了分析，以调查氡与癌症和心血管疾病死亡风险之间的关系。维斯穆特队列包括58987名男性，他们于1946年至1989年在前东德维斯穆特铀矿公司工作至少6个月。到2003年底，共观察到3016例肺癌死亡、3355例肺外癌症死亡、5141例心脏病死亡和1742例脑血管疾病死亡。尽管已经发表了许多关于维斯穆特队列中各种终点的研究，但本分析的目的是使用相同的数据集、相同的随访期和相同的统计方法，对不同癌症部位和心血管疾病的氡相关风险大小进行直接比较。由于假定胸外气道的一组癌症因吸入氡子体而器官剂量较高，因此这里也特别关注这组癌症。使用内部泊松回归来估计每工作水平月（WLM）累积接触氡的单位超额相对风险（ERR）及其95%置信区间（CI）。随着氡暴露增加，肺癌风险有统计学显著增加（ERR/WLM = 0.19%；95% CI：0.17%；0.22%）。在胸外气道和气管癌症中发现了较小但同样具有统计学显著性的超额风险（ERR/WLM = 0.062%；95% CI：0.002%；0.121%）。其余大多数非呼吸道癌症部位与氡暴露增加呈正相关关系，然而未达到统计学显著性。未发现冠心病（ERR/WLM = 0.0003%）和脑血管疾病（ERR/WLM = 0.001%）的风险增加。目前的数据提供了明确证据，表明氡与肺癌死亡风险增加有关，有一些证据表明氡与胸外气道癌症和其他一些肺外癌症死亡风险增加有关，且没有证据表明心血管疾病导致的死亡。这些发现与其他矿工研究结果以及氡相关器官剂量的剂量学计算结果一致。
