Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department "Radiation Protection and Health," Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
Health Phys. 2010 Sep;99(3):292-300. doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181cd669d.
Uranium mining occurred between 1946 and 1990 at the former Wismut mining company in East Germany. 58,987 male former employees form the largest single uranium miners cohort, which has been followed up for causes of mortality occurring from the beginning of 1946 to the end of 2003. The purpose of this paper is to present the radon exposure related cancer mortality risk based on 20,920 deaths, 2 million person-years, and 6,373 cancers. The latter include 3,016 lung cancers and 3,053 extrapulmonary solid cancers. Internal Poisson regression was used to estimate the excess relative risk (ERR) per unit of cumulative radon exposure in Working Level Months (WLM) for all major sites and for the follow-up period from 1946 to 2003. The simple cohort ERR WLM for lung cancer is 0.20% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17%; 0.22%]. The ERR model for lung cancer is linear in radon exposure with exponential effect modifiers that depend on age at median exposure, time since median exposure, and radon exposure-rate. In this model the central estimate of ERR WLM is 1.06% (95% CI: 0.69%; 1.42%) for an age at median exposure of 33 y, a time since median exposure of 11 y, and an exposure-rate of 2.7 WL. This central ERR decreases by 5% for each unit exposure-rate increase. The ERR decreases by 32% with each decade increase in age at median exposure and also decreases by 54% with each decade increase in time since median exposure. The ERR WLM for all extrapulmonary solid cancers combined without effect modification is 0.014% (95% CI: 0.006%; 0.023%). The ERR model for extrapulmonary solid cancer is linear in radon exposure with an exponential effect modifier which depends on age-attained. In this model the central estimate of ERR WLM is 0.040% (95% CI: -0.001%; 0.082%) for an age-attained of 44. The ERR decreases by 37% with each decade increase in age-attained. The highest ERR WLM, after lung, is observed for cancers of the pharynx (0.16%), tongue/mouth (0.045%), and liver (0.04%).
铀矿开采发生在 1946 年至 1990 年期间，位于前东德的维苏威矿业公司。58987 名前男性员工构成了最大的单一铀矿工队列，该队列自 1946 年初至 2003 年底对所有死因进行了随访。本文的目的是根据 20920 例死亡、200 万人年和 6373 例癌症，介绍与氡暴露相关的癌症死亡风险。后者包括 3016 例肺癌和 3053 例肺外实体癌。采用内部泊松回归估计每单位累积氡暴露在工作水平月（WLM）中的超额相对风险（ERR），用于所有主要部位和 1946 年至 2003 年的随访期。肺癌的简单队列 ERR WLM 为 0.20%[95%置信区间（CI）：0.17%；0.22%]。肺癌的 ERR 模型在氡暴露中呈线性，其指数效应修饰因子取决于中位暴露时的年龄、中位暴露后时间和氡暴露率。在该模型中，对于中位暴露年龄为 33 岁、中位暴露后时间为 11 年且暴露率为 2.7 WLM 的情况下，中央估计的 ERR WLM 为 1.06%（95%CI：0.69%；1.42%）。每增加一个单位的暴露率，ERR 就会降低 5%。ERR 随中位暴露时年龄每增加 10 岁降低 32%，随中位暴露后时间每增加 10 年降低 54%。无效应修饰的所有肺外实体癌综合 ERR WLM 为 0.014%[95%CI：0.006%；0.023%]。肺外实体癌的 ERR 模型在氡暴露中呈线性，其指数效应修饰因子取决于达到的年龄。在该模型中，对于达到的年龄为 44 岁的情况下，中央估计的 ERR WLM 为 0.040%（95%CI：-0.001%；0.082%）。ERR 随达到的年龄每增加 10 岁降低 37%。仅次于肺癌的最高 ERR WLM 见于咽癌（0.16%）、舌/口腔癌（0.045%）和肝癌（0.04%）。
