School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2121 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Anal Chem. 2009 Dec 1;81(23):9795-801. doi: 10.1021/ac901805d.
Characterization of prenatal exposure to hazardous chemicals most often relies upon the analysis of cord blood. However, human placenta is an appropriate tissue alternative with noteworthy advantages. Owing to analytical challenges, reports on placental levels of toxic chemicals are limited. The purpose of this study was to establish a reliable, cost-effective, and relatively fast and simple method to extract polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from human placenta for analysis using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) method was optimized for the extraction and analysis of 43 PBDEs (including BDE209) from human placenta samples. Different sorbents, sample conditions, grinding methods, elution solvents, and single and repeated extractions were compared for their effects on the extraction efficiency. The performance of the optimized method was validated by analyzing spiked placenta samples and a standard reference material of fish tissue. Congener specific PBDE recovery ranged from 91% to 114% for the spiked samples and 89% to 115% for a standard reference material (SRM) of fish tissue. The optimized MSPD procedure was compared with two conventional extraction methods. The extraction efficiency of MSPD was found to be comparable with that of the traditional Soxhlet method and superior to that using a liquid extraction method. Twenty two PBDEs were detected in all of the five samples collected in Chicago in 2008. This is the first description of PBDEs detected in human placentas in the U.S.
产前暴露于有害化学物质的特征通常依赖于脐血分析。然而，胎盘是一种合适的组织替代物，具有显著的优势。由于分析上的挑战，关于胎盘中毒素化学物质水平的报告有限。本研究的目的是建立一种可靠、经济高效、相对快速简单的方法，从人胎盘提取多溴二苯醚（PBDEs），并使用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC/MS）进行分析。基质固相分散（MSPD）方法经过优化，可从人胎盘样品中提取和分析 43 种 PBDEs（包括 BDE209）。不同的吸附剂、样品条件、研磨方法、洗脱溶剂以及单次和重复提取被比较，以考察其对提取效率的影响。通过分析加标胎盘样品和鱼组织标准参考物质（SRM）验证了优化方法的性能。加标样品中特定同系物的 PBDE 回收率范围为 91%至 114%，鱼组织 SRM 的回收率为 89%至 115%。优化的 MSPD 程序与两种传统提取方法进行了比较。发现 MSPD 的提取效率与传统索氏提取法相当，优于液液萃取法。2008 年在芝加哥采集的 5 个样本中均检测到 22 种 PBDEs。这是首次在美国描述人胎盘内检测到 PBDEs。
