Lippmann Morton, Chen Lung-Chi
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA.
Crit Rev Toxicol. 2009;39(10):865-913. doi: 10.3109/10408440903300080.
We review literature that provides insights on health-related effects observed in laboratory-based inhalation studies in humans and laboratory animals using concentrated ambient air particulate matter (CAPs) in the fine, thoracic coarse, and ultrafine size ranges. The CAPs studies are highly informative on the health effects of ambient air particulate matter (PM) because they represent realistic PM exposure mixtures. When PM components are also analyzed and regressed against the effects, they can sometimes be used to identify influential individual components or source-related mixtures responsible for the effects. Such CAPs inhalation studies are analogous to epidemiological studies of human populations for which both health-related effects were observed and PM composition data were available for multi-pollutant regression analyses or source apportionment. Various acute and chronic health-related effects have occurred in short- and long-term CAPs inhalation studies in the cardiovascular, nervous, hepatic, and pulmonary systems, as well as changes in markers of the metabolic syndrome, and many correspond to effects associated with ambient air PM exposures in epidemiological studies. In addition, many CAPs studies have been conducted in coordination with in vitro studies that have identified biomarkers indicative of the underlying biological mechanisms that account for the responses.
我们回顾了一些文献，这些文献提供了关于在人体和实验动物的实验室吸入研究中观察到的与健康相关影响的见解，这些研究使用了细颗粒、粗颗粒和超细颗粒范围内的浓缩环境空气颗粒物（CAPs）。CAPs研究对于了解环境空气颗粒物（PM）的健康影响具有很高的参考价值，因为它们代表了实际的PM暴露混合物。当对PM成分进行分析并针对其影响进行回归分析时，有时可以用来识别有影响力的单个成分或与来源相关的混合物。这种CAPs吸入研究类似于对人群进行的流行病学研究，在这些研究中既观察到了与健康相关的影响，又获得了PM成分数据用于多污染物回归分析或源解析。在短期和长期的CAPs吸入研究中，心血管、神经、肝脏和肺部系统出现了各种急性和慢性与健康相关的影响，以及代谢综合征标志物的变化，其中许多与流行病学研究中环境空气PM暴露相关的影响相对应。此外，许多CAPs研究是与体外研究协同进行的，体外研究已经确定了一些生物标志物，这些生物标志物表明了导致这些反应的潜在生物学机制。
