Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University.
J Epidemiol. 2019 Dec 5;29(12):471-477. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20180122. Epub 2018 Oct 27.
From around 2012, the use of automated equipment for fine particulate matter (PM) measurement with equivalence to a reference method has become popular nationwide in Japan. This enabled us to perform a national health effect assessment employing PM concentrations based on the standardized measurement method. We evaluated the association between non-accidental mortality and short-term exposure to PM and coarse particulate matter (PM), with the latter estimated as the difference between suspended particulate matter and PM, for the fiscal years 2012-2014.
This was a time-stratified case-crossover study in 100 highly-populated Japanese cities. Mortality data was obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. City-specific estimates of PM-mortality association were calculated by applying a conditional logistic regression analysis, and combined with a random-effects meta-analysis.
The respective averages of daily mean concentration were 14.6 µg/m for PM and 6.4 µg/m for coarse PM. A 10 µg/m increase in PM concentrations for the average of the day of death and the previous day was associated with an increase of 1.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-1.6%) in total non-accidental mortality. For cause-specific mortality, PM was positively associated with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. After adjustment for PM, we observed a 1.4% (95% CI, 0.2-2.6%) increase in total mortality with a 10 µg/m increase in coarse PM.
The study revealed that short-term exposure to PM had adverse effects on total non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Japan. Coarse PM exposure also increased the risk of total mortality.
自 2012 年左右起，日本全国各地开始广泛使用等同于参比方法的自动化设备来测量细颗粒物（PM）。这使我们能够采用基于标准化测量方法的 PM 浓度进行全国性健康影响评估。我们评估了 2012-2014 年期间非意外死亡率与 PM 和粗颗粒物（PM）短期暴露之间的关系，后者估计为悬浮颗粒物与 PM 之间的差值。
这是一项在 100 个人口稠密的日本城市中进行的时间分层病例交叉研究。死亡率数据由厚生劳动省获得。通过应用条件逻辑回归分析计算了每个城市特定的 PM 死亡率关联估计值，并结合随机效应荟萃分析进行了组合。
每日平均浓度的相应平均值分别为 14.6 µg/m3的 PM 和 6.4 µg/m3的粗 PM。在死亡日和前一天的平均浓度中，PM 浓度每增加 10 µg/m3，总非意外死亡率增加 1.3%（95%置信区间（CI），0.9-1.6%）。对于特定原因的死亡率，PM 与心血管和呼吸死亡呈正相关。在调整 PM 后，我们观察到粗 PM 每增加 10 µg/m3，总死亡率增加 1.4%（95% CI，0.2-2.6%）。
该研究表明，短期暴露于 PM 会对日本的总非意外、心血管和呼吸死亡率产生不利影响。粗 PM 暴露也增加了总死亡率的风险。
