Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization/International Vaccine Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2010 Jan;7(1):13-20. doi: 10.2174/156720110790396481.
Polyphosphazene polyelectrolytes are synthetic, biodegradable polymers that have shown great potential in vaccine and drug delivery applications. Numerous investigations in laboratory animals have revealed that polyphosphazenes are also potent immunological adjuvants that can dramatically enhance the magnitude, quality and duration of immune responses to a variety of bacterial and viral vaccine antigens. Evidence is accumulating that these polymers have potent adjuvant activity in large animals as well. Interestingly, polyphosphazenes can be combined with novel immune modulatory agents resulting in even more potent immune activity and protection against experimental infection. While most reports are on the activity of polyphosphazenes in aqueous formulations, these polymers can also be easily made into microparticles, making them especially attractive for mucosal delivery. The mechanisms which mediate the adjuvant activity of polyphosphazenes are not fully understood, but there is evidence to suggest that activation of innate immunity may be involved. Further research and development of polyphosphazene adjuvants is warranted to fully explore their potential in the delivery of vaccines and immunotherapeutic agents.
聚膦腈高分子电解质是一种合成的、可生物降解的聚合物，在疫苗和药物输送应用中显示出巨大的潜力。大量在实验动物中的研究表明，聚膦腈高分子也是有效的免疫佐剂，能显著增强对各种细菌和病毒疫苗抗原的免疫反应的幅度、质量和持续时间。有证据表明，这些聚合物在大型动物中也具有很强的佐剂活性。有趣的是，聚膦腈高分子可以与新型免疫调节剂结合，从而产生更强的免疫活性和对实验感染的保护作用。虽然大多数报道都是关于聚膦腈高分子在水制剂中的活性，但这些聚合物也可以很容易地制成微粒，这使得它们特别适合粘膜输送。介导聚膦腈高分子佐剂活性的机制尚未完全了解，但有证据表明，先天免疫的激活可能与之相关。有必要进一步研究和开发聚膦腈高分子佐剂，以充分挖掘其在疫苗和免疫治疗剂输送中的潜力。
