Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
J Exp Med. 1919 Jun 1;29(6):565-84. doi: 10.1084/jem.29.6.565.
By injecting into guinea pigs the blood of yellow fever cases occurring in Guayaquil a group of symptoms and lesions closely resembling those observed in human yellow fever were induced in a limited number of instances. Of 74 guinea pigs inoculated with specimens of blood from 27 cases of yellow fever, 8, representing 6 cases, came down with the symptoms; namely, a marked rise of temperature after a period of incubation averaging 3 to 6 days, with simultaneous suffusion of the capillaries, particularly of the conjunctivaes and soles, then preliminary hyperleucocytosis followed by progressive leucopenia, the early appearance of albumin and casts in the urine, which gradually diminishes in volume as the disease progresses. The fever lasts only a few days, rapidly dropping first to the normal and then usually to subnormal. At this period jaundice manifests itself in varying degrees of intensity, first in the scleras, then in the skin and the urine. Hemorrhages from the nasal or gingival mucosa or anus have been observed to occur during this period. Autopsies reveal deep jaundice throughout the entire tissue. The liver is fatty and yellow, the kidney hyperemic, and often swollen and hemorrhagic. Hemorrhagic spots were almost always found in the lungs and gastrointestinal mucosa. Guinea pigs are usually rather sensitive to the infection, though many appeared to be somewhat resistant and some even refractory. The injection of the yellow fever blood into ringtail monkeys, rabbits, cats, guatusas, weasels, and sloths among the mammalians, and pigeons, ground-doves, bluebirds, mantas, blackbirds, parrakeets, reedbirds, blancos, and toucans among the birds, gave negative results. In the blood, liver, and kidneys of the guinea pigs experimentally infected with the blood of yellow fever patients a minute organism was demonstrated which closely resembles in morphology the causative agent of infectious jaundice (Leptospira icterohamorrhagiae). The leptospira transmitted from yellow fever cases to guinea pigs was found to induce similar symptoms and lesions upon further passage into normal guinea pigs. The leptospira obtained from cases of yellow fever has been givern the provisional name of Leptospira icteroides.
通过将发生在瓜亚基尔的黄热病病例的血液注入豚鼠体内，在少数情况下诱导出了一组与人类黄热病观察到的症状和病变非常相似的症状和病变。在接种了来自 27 例黄热病病例的血液样本的 74 只豚鼠中，有 8 只（代表 6 例）出现了症状；即潜伏期为 3 至 6 天后体温明显升高，同时毛细血管充血，特别是结膜和脚底，然后初步白细胞增多，随后逐渐白细胞减少，尿液中白蛋白和管型早期出现，随着疾病的进展，尿液量逐渐减少。发热仅持续数天，首先迅速降至正常，然后通常降至正常以下。在此期间，黄疸的程度不同，首先在巩膜，然后在皮肤和尿液中出现。在此期间，观察到从鼻或牙龈黏膜或肛门出血。尸检显示整个组织深度黄疸。肝脏脂肪性和黄色，肾脏充血，常肿胀和出血。肺部和胃肠道黏膜中几乎总是发现出血点。豚鼠通常对感染相当敏感，尽管许多似乎有一定的抵抗力，有些甚至有抵抗力。将黄热病血液注入环尾猴、兔子、猫、瓜塔萨斯、黄鼠狼和树懒等哺乳动物，以及鸽子、地鸽、蓝鸟、曼塔斯、黑鸟、长尾鹦鹉、芦苇鸟、布兰科斯和巨嘴鸟等鸟类中，结果均为阴性。在实验感染黄热病患者血液的豚鼠的血液、肝脏和肾脏中，证明了一种形态上与传染性黄疸（黄疸出血钩端螺旋体）的病原体非常相似的微小生物体。从黄热病病例传播给豚鼠的钩端螺旋体在进一步传代到正常豚鼠时，被发现会引起类似的症状和病变。从黄热病病例中获得的钩端螺旋体被赋予暂定名称为黄疸钩端螺旋体。
