应用过滤后的肺炎球菌提取物使 R 型肺炎球菌向不同特异型 S 型的体外转化。
THE TRANSFORMATION IN VITRO OF R PNEUMOCOCCI INTO S FORMS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC TYPES BY THE USE OF FILTERED PNEUMOCOCCUS EXTRACTS.
机构信息
Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
出版信息
J Exp Med. 1932 Jan 1;55(1):91-9. doi: 10.1084/jem.55.1.91.
Abstract
- Avirulent R pneumococci derived from S forms of a specific type may be changed by growth in broth containing anti-R serum and a heated, filtered extract of S pneumococci of a different type, into virulent S organisms identical in type with the bacteria extracted. This has been accomplished in the case of R strains derived from Type II pneumococci, employing extracts prepared from Type III and Type I S forms. 2. The constituents of the extract supply an activating stimulus of a specific nature in that the R pneumococci acquire the capacity of elaborating the capsular material peculiar to the organisms extracted.
摘要
从特定型别的 S 型衍生而来的无毒性肺炎球菌，经过在含有抗 R 血清和另一种不同型别的 S 型肺炎球菌加热过滤提取物的肉汤中生长，可能会变成具有与提取细菌相同型别的毒性 S 生物体。在从 II 型肺炎球菌衍生而来的 R 菌株的情况下，已经完成了这一过程，使用从 III 型和 I 型 S 型制备的提取物。
提取物的成分提供了一种特定性质的激活刺激，因为 R 型肺炎球菌获得了产生与提取生物体特有的荚膜物质的能力。
相似文献
1
THE TRANSFORMATION IN VITRO OF R PNEUMOCOCCI INTO S FORMS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC TYPES BY THE USE OF FILTERED PNEUMOCOCCUS EXTRACTS.应用过滤后的肺炎球菌提取物使 R 型肺炎球菌向不同特异型 S 型的体外转化。
J Exp Med. 1932 Jan 1;55(1):91-9. doi: 10.1084/jem.55.1.91.
2
STUDIES ON NATURAL IMMUNITY TO PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE III : II. CERTAIN DISTINGUISHING PROPERTIES OF TWO STRAINS OF PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE III VARYING IN THEIR VIRULENCE FOR RABBITS, AND THE REAPPEARANCE OF THESE PROPERTIES FOLLOWING R-->S RECONVERSION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE ROUGH DERIVATIVES.肺炎球菌Ⅲ型天然免疫的研究：Ⅱ. 两种兔体毒力不同的肺炎球菌Ⅲ型菌株的某些鉴别特性，以及各自粗糙型衍生物 R-->S 回复突变后这些特性的再现。
J Exp Med. 1936 Jul 31;64(2):281-305. doi: 10.1084/jem.64.2.281.
3
THE COMPOSITE NATURE OF A PURE CULTURE OF A VIRULENT PNEUMOCOCCUS.一株强毒肺炎球菌纯培养物的复合特性。
J Exp Med. 1925 Apr 30;41(5):649-62. doi: 10.1084/jem.41.5.649.
4
THE OCCURRENCE OF DEGRADED PNEUMOCOCCI IN VIVO.体内降解肺炎球菌的出现。
J Exp Med. 1927 Apr 30;45(5):807-14. doi: 10.1084/jem.45.5.807.
5
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS EXTRACTS IN EFFECTING TRANSFORMATION OF TYPE IN VITRO.肺炎球菌提取物在体外诱导型转变中的进一步观察。
J Exp Med. 1933 Jan 31;57(2):265-78. doi: 10.1084/jem.57.2.265.
6
STEPWISE INTRATYPE TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS FROM R TO S BY WAY OF A VARIANT INTERMEDIATE IN CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION.通过荚膜多糖产生的变异中间型，肺炎链球菌在 R 型到 S 型之间的逐步同型转换。
J Exp Med. 1947 Nov 30;86(6):439-52. doi: 10.1084/jem.86.6.439.
7
THE TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : II. THE INTERCONVERTIBILITY OF TYPE-SPECIFIC S PNEUMOCOCCI.肺炎球菌型的转变：二、特异型 S 肺炎球菌的互变。
J Exp Med. 1930 Jan 1;51(1):123-47. doi: 10.1084/jem.51.1.123.
8
STUDIES ON IMMUNITY TO PNEUMOCOCCUS MUCOSUS (TYPE III) : II. THE INFECTIVITY OF TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS FOR RABBITS.肺炎球菌粘液型（III 型）免疫研究：II. III 型肺炎球菌对兔的感染性。
J Exp Med. 1927 May 31;45(6):1093-106. doi: 10.1084/jem.45.6.1093.
9
STUDIES ON IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE PNEUMOCOCCI : I. A VIRULENT STRAIN OF PNEUMOCOCCUS WHICH Is IMMUNOLOGICALLY RELATED TO, BUT NOT IDENTICAL WITH TYPICAL STRAINS OF TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCI.关于肺炎球菌免疫关系的研究：I. 一种具有毒力的肺炎球菌菌株，与 III 型肺炎球菌的典型菌株具有免疫相关性，但不完全相同。
J Exp Med. 1928 May 31;47(6):917-31. doi: 10.1084/jem.47.6.917.
10
A STUDY OF PNEUMOCOCCI REACTING WITH ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERA OF TYPES I, II, AND III, WITH AN OBSERVATION OF A MUTATION OF ONE OF THE STRAINS.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型肺炎球菌与抗肺炎球菌血清反应的研究，以及一株菌的突变观察。
J Exp Med. 1919 Aug 1;30(2):123-46. doi: 10.1084/jem.30.2.123.
引用本文的文献
1
Advances in viral vector-based delivery systems for gene therapy: a comprehensive review.基于病毒载体的基因治疗递送系统的进展：全面综述。
3 Biotech. 2025 Jul;15(7):196. doi: 10.1007/s13205-025-04366-7. Epub 2025 May 30.
2
The Transformation Experiment of Frederick Griffith I: Its Narrowing and Potential for the Creation of Novel Microorganisms.弗雷德里克·格里菲思的转化实验I：其范围的缩小以及创造新型微生物的潜力。
Bioengineering (Basel). 2025 Mar 20;12(3):324. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12030324.
3
Gene Therapy: An Historical Overview for Familial Hearing Loss.基因治疗：家族性听力损失的历史概述
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Feb 10;26(4):1469. doi: 10.3390/ijms26041469.
4
Evolution of Gene Therapy, Historical Perspective.基因治疗的演进，历史透视。
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2022 Aug;36(4):627-645. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.05.001. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
5
A historical and evolutionary perspective on the biological significance of circulating DNA and extracellular vesicles.循环DNA和细胞外囊泡生物学意义的历史与进化视角
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016 Dec;73(23):4355-4381. doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2370-3. Epub 2016 Sep 20.
6
Bacterial Transformation and the Origins of Epidemics in the Interwar Period: The Epidemiological Significance of Fred Griffith's "Transforming Experiment".两次世界大战之间的细菌转化与流行病起源：弗雷德·格里菲斯“转化实验”的流行病学意义
J Hist Biol. 2016 Apr;49(2):311-58. doi: 10.1007/s10739-015-9415-6.
7
The birth and development of the DNA theory of inheritance: sixty years since the discovery of the structure of DNA.遗传的DNA理论的诞生与发展：自DNA结构发现以来的六十年
J Genet. 2014 Apr;93(1):293-302. doi: 10.1007/s12041-014-0337-4.
8
THE PURIFICATION OF THE ANTIBODIES IN TYPE I ANTI-PNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM, AND THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE TYPE-SPECIFIC PRECIPITIN REACTION.Ⅰ型抗肺炎球菌血清中抗体的纯化，以及型特异性沉淀反应的化学本质。
J Exp Med. 1935 Jul 31;62(2):179-202. doi: 10.1084/jem.62.2.179.
9
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS EXTRACTS IN EFFECTING TRANSFORMATION OF TYPE IN VITRO.肺炎球菌提取物在体外诱导型转变中的进一步观察。
J Exp Med. 1933 Jan 31;57(2):265-78. doi: 10.1084/jem.57.2.265.
10
Switch from planktonic to sessile life: a major event in pneumococcal pathogenesis.从浮游生活转变为固着生活：肺炎球菌致病过程中的一个重大事件。
Mol Microbiol. 2006 Sep;61(5):1196-210. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05310.x.
本文引用的文献
1
IN VITRO TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : II. THE NATURE OF THE FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES.肺炎球菌型的体外转化：Ⅱ. 导致肺炎球菌型转化的因素的性质。
J Exp Med. 1931 Oct 31;54(5):701-10. doi: 10.1084/jem.54.5.701.
2
IN VITRO TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : I. A TECHNIQUE FOR INDUCING TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES IN VITRO.体外肺炎球菌型转化：I. 一种在体外诱导肺炎球菌型转化的技术。
J Exp Med. 1931 Oct 31;54(5):681-99. doi: 10.1084/jem.54.5.681.
3
THE TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : II. THE INTERCONVERTIBILITY OF TYPE-SPECIFIC S PNEUMOCOCCI.肺炎球菌型的转变：二、特异型 S 肺炎球菌的互变。
J Exp Med. 1930 Jan 1;51(1):123-47. doi: 10.1084/jem.51.1.123.
Zotero 插件