体外肺炎球菌型转化：I. 一种在体外诱导肺炎球菌型转化的技术。

IN VITRO TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : I. A TECHNIQUE FOR INDUCING TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES IN VITRO.

Department of Medicine, The Presbyterian Hospital, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York.

J Exp Med. 1931 Oct 31;54(5):681-99. doi: 10.1084/jem.54.5.681.

Type-specific S pneumococci may be transformed from one specific S type into other specific S types entirely by in vitro methods. 2. R forms of pneumococci, derived from S forms of one specific type, may be transformed into S forms of other specific types by the following in vitro procedure:-the growth of small inocula of R forms in media containing vaccines prepared from heterologous S cultures. 3. Transformation of type may be effected in this procedure by the use of small quantities of S vaccine,-quantities representing the bacteria from as little as 0.1 cc. of the original culture. 4. Transformation of type, as induced by this procedure, is most readily effected by employing anti-R serum in the culture medium. Transformation of type may be effected, however, in media which do not contain anti-R antibodies. 5. Previous findings on the thermal characteristics of the property of S vaccines responsible for transformation of type have been confirmed and extended.

通过体外方法，特定血清型的肺炎链球菌可完全从一种特定血清型转变为其他特定血清型。
从一种特定类型 S 型衍生而来的 R 型肺炎链球菌，可通过以下体外程序转变为其他特定类型的 S 型：-在含有异源 S 培养物疫苗的培养基中培养小接种量的 R 型。
在该程序中，可通过使用少量 S 疫苗来实现血清型转变，-使用量代表来自原始培养物的细菌，只需 0.1cc 即可。
如培养物中使用抗-R 血清，则该程序最容易诱导血清型转变。然而，在不含抗-R 抗体的培养基中也可以实现血清型转变。
已证实并扩展了先前关于导致血清型转变的 S 疫苗特性的热特性的发现。

IN VITRO TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : I. A TECHNIQUE FOR INDUCING TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES IN VITRO.