Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
J Exp Med. 1936 Feb 29;63(3):379-96. doi: 10.1084/jem.63.3.379.
The results of serum neutralizing tests with the viruses of pox, vaccinia, and virus III disease herewith reported generally agree and supplement the results of reinoculation experiments on immune rabbits reported in the previous paper (1). The finding that pox virus is neutralized by pox immune serum indicates that the refractory state of recovered pox rabbits to reinoculation with pox virus and the failure of recovered pox rabbits to contract a second pox infection after adequate exposure is to be explained upon the basis of the development of an active immunity. The failure of virus III immune serum to neutralize pox virus is in agreement with the previous conclusion drawn from the positive results of reinoculation and exposure experiments that there is no specific relationship between pox virus and virus III. Rabbits which had recovered from a pox infection were completely refractory to inoculation with dermo-(culture) vaccine, while rabbits which had recovered from vaccinia were partially refractory to inoculation with pox virus. Vaccine immune adult rabbits did not show any clinical evidence of pox upon exposure to florid cases, but young recently weaned vaccine immunes developed definite although comparatively mild pox infections. The serum neutralization tests showed that pox immune serum neutralized vaccine virus although the action was not complete as shown by the positive results obtained with high dilutions of serum; vaccine immune serum possessed some but comparatively slight neutralizing properties against pox virus. The results of the crossed inoculation and serum neutralizing experiments with pox and neurovaccine viruses resembled those obtained with pox and dermo-(culture) vaccine but the differences were less pronounced. The differences in virus neutralizing ability on the part of the three immune sera paralleled the differences in virus potency as indicated by the character of the local lesions at the site of injection and by the general character of the clinical manifestations of the infection. The potency or virulence of pox virus was much greater than that of neurovaccine and vastly greater than that of dermo-(culture) vaccine. The complete identity of pox and vaccine virus could not be established, but a definite relationship between them was demonstrated and this was shown to have an immunological basis. From a practical standpoint vaccination with vaccine virus as a prophylactic measure against rabbit pox was clearly indicated.
现报道的痘、牛痘和 III 病病毒血清中和试验结果与前文（1）中报道的免疫兔再接种实验结果基本一致且互为补充。痘病毒被痘免疫血清中和表明，恢复的痘兔对痘病毒的再接种产生抗性，以及在充分暴露后恢复的痘兔不再感染第二波痘病毒，这两种现象都可以用主动免疫的发展来解释。III 病免疫血清不能中和痘病毒，这与前文从再接种和暴露实验的阳性结果得出的无特定关系的结论一致，即痘病毒与 III 病病毒之间不存在特定关系。从痘感染中恢复的兔子对皮（培养）疫苗的接种完全具有抗性，而从牛痘感染中恢复的兔子对痘病毒的接种则具有部分抗性。接种疫苗的成年兔子在暴露于严重病例时没有出现任何痘的临床症状，但最近断奶的年轻疫苗免疫兔子确实发展出了明确但相对较轻的痘感染。血清中和试验表明，痘免疫血清中和疫苗病毒，尽管用高稀释度血清获得的阳性结果表明作用不完全；疫苗免疫血清对痘病毒具有一定但相对较弱的中和特性。痘和神经疫苗病毒的交叉接种和血清中和试验结果与痘和皮（培养）疫苗的结果相似，但差异不太明显。三种免疫血清的病毒中和能力差异与病毒效力的差异相平行，这反映在注射部位局部病变的特征以及感染的临床表现的总体特征上。痘病毒的效力或毒力比神经疫苗病毒大得多，比皮（培养）疫苗病毒大得多。不能确定痘病毒和疫苗病毒完全相同，但已证明它们之间存在明确的关系，且这种关系具有免疫学基础。从实际的角度来看，用疫苗病毒进行疫苗接种作为预防兔痘的措施是明确的。
