鼠脑脊髓炎：I. 病毒的特征和发病机制。

ENCEPHALOMYELITIS OF MICE : I. CHARACTERISTICS AND PATHOGENESIS OF THE VIRUS.

机构信息

Laboratories of the International Health Division of The Rockefeller Foundation, New York.

出版信息

J Exp Med. 1940 Jun 30;72(1):49-67. doi: 10.1084/jem.72.1.49.

DOI:10.1084/jem.72.1.49

PMID:19871007

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2135012/

Abstract

The two strains of virus named GD VII and FA, respectively, accidentally discovered during experiments with yellow fever, have been shown to be immunologically related to each other, as well as to the virus of mouse encephalomyelitis. 2. Infection of the central nervous system can be produced with both strains by intracerebral, intranasal, or intraperitoneal inoculations. The cardinal symptom produced by the GD VII strain of virus by all three methods of inoculation is a flaccid paralysis of the limbs. The symptoms produced by the FA strain are referable to lesions of the brain when infection is produced by intracerebral and intranasal inoculation. Following intraperitoneal inoculation of the FA strain of virus, however, a flaccid paralysis is usually produced. 3. By the use of graded collodion membranes the particle size of the virus of mouse encephalomyelitis has been shown to be from 9 to 13 mmicro 4. The stability of the virus at different hydrogen ion concentrations has been tested. It has been found that there are two optima of stability, one at about pH 8.0 and the other at pH 3.3. 5. The virus is readily inactivated at 37 degrees C. by 1 per cent hydrogen peroxide. 6. Of organic solvents tested, ether had no action, whereas ethyl alcohol in 20 per cent concentration almost completely inactivated the virus after 45 minutes in the cold. 7. The virus can be precipitated by means of ammonium sulfate. 8. With increasing age mice acquire a relative resistance to the virus. 9. Immunity to a subsequent intracerebral inoculation can be produced by intraperitoneal, as well as intranasal, administrations of relatively large amounts of virus. 10. Mice infected by the intracerebral inoculation of a relatively avirulent virus acquire a high degree of immunity to a subsequent inoculation of a highly virulent strain. 11. The course of infection in mice following intracerebral, intranasal, and intraperitoneal inoculation of the FA strain of virus has been studied.

摘要

两种病毒株，分别命名为 GD VII 和 FA，在黄热病实验中意外发现，彼此之间以及与鼠脑脊髓炎病毒在免疫学上具有相关性。
通过脑内、鼻腔内或腹腔内接种，这两种病毒株均可感染中枢神经系统。通过这三种接种方式，GD VII 病毒株感染后产生的主要症状是四肢弛缓性瘫痪。通过脑内和鼻腔内接种 FA 病毒株感染后产生的症状与脑损伤有关。然而，通过腹腔内接种 FA 病毒株后，通常会产生弛缓性瘫痪。
通过使用分级胶原膜，已经证明鼠脑脊髓炎病毒的粒径为 9 到 13 毫微米。
已经测试了病毒在不同氢离子浓度下的稳定性。发现有两个稳定的最佳值，一个在 pH 值约为 8.0，另一个在 pH 值 3.3。
病毒在 37 摄氏度下容易被 1%的过氧化氢灭活。
在测试的有机溶剂中，乙醚没有作用，而 20%浓度的乙醇在冷态下几乎完全灭活病毒需要 45 分钟。
病毒可以通过硫酸铵沉淀。
随着年龄的增长，老鼠对病毒的抵抗力会逐渐增强。
通过腹腔内以及鼻腔内给予相对大量的病毒，可以产生针对随后脑内接种的免疫力。
感染相对低毒病毒的老鼠通过脑内接种获得对随后接种高毒力病毒的高度免疫力。
已经研究了通过脑内、鼻腔内和腹腔内接种 FA 病毒株感染老鼠的过程。