Departments of Pathology and Bacteriology, The School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and The Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia.
J Exp Med. 1945 Oct 31;82(5):343-60. doi: 10.1084/jem.82.5.343.
A comparative study was made in rabbits of antibody production and tissue changes following the injection into the foot pads, of saline in Falba and mineral oil emulsion, of killed cells of Shigella paradysenteriae Flexner in saline, and of killed cells of Shigella paradysenteriae in saline in Falba-mineral oil emulsion. It was found that antibody production was greatly prolonged by the emulsification in oil. While with antigen in saline the serum titers began to fall 9 days after injection and disappeared somewhere between the 3rd and 6th months, with antigen in paraffin oil they began to drop only after 14 days, and were still high after 10 months, when the experiment was ended. The toxic effects of the antigen were greatly reduced by the emulsification in oil. A subcutaneous dose of 1.5 mg. of antigen in saline caused mesenchymal reactions in lung, liver, and spleen as well as toxic degeneration and sometimes necrosis of the liver whereas eight times as much of the antigen in oil produced no systemic lesions. Oil drops remained detectable in the foot pad until the end of the experiment. Bacteria remained visible in the oil for 1 week or more, but with saline they disappeared within 1 day. The latter observation shows that retention of antigen at the site of injection is at least one of the mechanisms of prolongation of antibody formation by paraffin oil. The tissue reaction in the foot pad to antigen in oil was largely one of suppuration with the production of persisting mononuclear granulomata whereas after antigen in saline it was chiefly one of catarrhal inflammation, subsiding within a month. The changes in the regional lymph nodes were essentially those of lymphatic hyperplasia with the production of numerous lymphocytes and large active secondary nodules, the macrophages remaining subsidiary. The lymphocytic reaction in the lymph nodes closely paralleled the antibody response but the monocytic reaction at the site of injection was not correlated with this response; in fact, in the antigen in oil experiments the monocytic reaction reached its height after the peak of antibody production. The tissue changes observed in the various experiments were consistent with the finding previously reported from this laboratory, that the lymphocyte is concerned in antibody formation.
在兔子身上进行了一项对比研究，比较了向脚掌注射以下物质后抗体的产生和组织变化：福氏盐水中的死亡福氏志贺氏菌细胞、福氏盐水中的死亡福氏志贺氏菌、矿物油乳剂中的死亡福氏志贺氏菌细胞，以及福氏盐水中的矿物油乳剂中的死亡福氏志贺氏菌细胞。结果发现，油乳化大大延长了抗体的产生。在生理盐水抗原的情况下，血清滴度在注射后 9 天开始下降，在第 3 至 6 个月之间消失，而在石蜡油抗原的情况下，滴度仅在 14 天后才开始下降，并且在 10 个月后实验结束时仍然很高。油乳化大大降低了抗原的毒性作用。在生理盐水抗原中，皮下剂量为 1.5 毫克，会引起肺、肝和脾的间质性反应，以及肝的毒性变性，有时还会坏死，而油中抗原的 8 倍剂量不会引起全身病变。油滴在实验结束前仍可在脚掌中检测到。细菌在油中可见 1 周或更长时间，但在盐水中，它们在 1 天内消失。后一种观察结果表明，抗原在注射部位的保留至少是石蜡油延长抗体形成的机制之一。油中抗原在脚掌处的组织反应主要是化脓性的，形成持久的单核肉芽肿，而在盐水中抗原则主要是卡他性炎症，在一个月内消退。局部淋巴结的变化基本上是淋巴组织增生，产生大量淋巴细胞和活跃的次级结节，巨噬细胞保持附属地位。淋巴结中的淋巴细胞反应与抗体反应密切相关，但注射部位的单核细胞反应与该反应无关；事实上，在油中抗原实验中，单核细胞反应在抗体产生的高峰期后达到高峰。在各种实验中观察到的组织变化与本实验室之前的报告一致，即淋巴细胞与抗体形成有关。
