Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2009 Dec;34(12):620-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2009.09.004. Epub 2009 Oct 28.
Research on TOR has grown exponentially during the last decade, generating a complex model of the TOR signaling network. Rapamycin treatment provides a simple and straightforward method to inhibit the TOR signaling pathway and to study the influence of TOR on multiple cellular processes. The discovery of two distinct TOR complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, showed that studies using rapamycin targeted only one TOR signaling branch. TORC1 is directly inhibited by rapamycin, whereas TORC2 is not. There is no known TORC2-specific inhibitor, so genetic manipulation is required to study its biological function(s). Many studies in genetically tractable model organisms have expanded our understanding of TORC2 signaling. Here we focus on the TORC2 signaling pathway as revealed by these (mostly recent) studies.
在过去的十年中，TOR 的研究呈指数级增长，生成了一个复杂的 TOR 信号网络模型。雷帕霉素处理提供了一种简单直接的方法来抑制 TOR 信号通路，并研究 TOR 对多种细胞过程的影响。两个不同的 TOR 复合物 TORC1 和 TORC2 的发现表明，使用雷帕霉素的研究仅针对 TOR 信号通路的一个分支。TORC1 可被雷帕霉素直接抑制，而 TORC2 则不能。目前还没有已知的 TORC2 特异性抑制剂，因此需要进行遗传操作来研究其生物学功能。在遗传上易于操作的模式生物中的许多研究扩展了我们对 TORC2 信号的理解。在这里，我们主要关注这些（大多数是最近的）研究揭示的 TORC2 信号通路。
