Wei Yuehua, Zheng X F Steven
Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2011;759:307-19. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-173-4_18.
Cell growth is highly regulated and its deregulation is related to many human diseases such as cancer. Nutritional cues stimulate cell growth through modulation of TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling pathway. At the center of this pathway is a large serine/threonine protein kinase TOR, which forms two distinct functional complexes TORC1 and TORC2 in a cell. TORC1 senses the environmental nutrient quality/quantity and transmits the growth signals to multiple effectors to regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes including translation initiation, ribosome biogenesis, autophagy, nutrient uptake, and metabolism. By using budding yeast as a model, recent studies began to elucidate the complexity of the TOR signaling pathway.
细胞生长受到高度调控，其失调与许多人类疾病如癌症相关。营养信号通过调节雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）信号通路来刺激细胞生长。该信号通路的核心是一种大型丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶TOR，它在细胞中形成两种不同的功能复合物TORC1和TORC2。TORC1感知环境营养物质的质量/数量，并将生长信号传递给多个效应器，以调节包括翻译起始、核糖体生物合成、自噬、营养物质摄取和代谢在内的广泛生物过程。通过以芽殖酵母为模型，最近的研究开始阐明TOR信号通路的复杂性。
